HY embryo: GI

Question 1

What is it called when the esophagus ends as a blind tube?

Answer 1

Esophageal atresia

Question 2

What causes esophageal atresia?

Answer 2

The TE septum deviates too far dorsally

Question 3

What is it called when the esophageal lumen is narrowed?

Answer 3

Esophageal stenosis

Question 4

Name 3 causes of esophageal stenosis

Answer 4

1. Hypertrophy of submucosa or muscularis externa
2. Remnants of the tracheal cartilaginous ring w/in the esophageal wall
3. Incomplete recanalization, leaving a membranous diaphragm partially obstructing the esophagus

Question 5

What disorder can presence of a congenital esophageal cyst cause?

Answer 5

Esophageal duplication

Question 6

What is a potential complication of an esophageal cyst that lies in the posterior part of the esophagus?

Answer 6

Can protrude into the mediasteinum

Question 7

Which artery is the culprit in vascular compression of the esophagus?

Answer 7

Right subclavian artery

Question 8

In vascular compression of the esophagus, how does the right subclavian artery pass in relation to the esophagus? How can this manifest clinically?

Answer 8

It passes posterior to the esophagus and can cause dysphagia

Question 9

What congenital anomaly presents with projectile nonbilious vomiting after feeding and a small palpable mass at the right costal margin?

Answer 9

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Question 10

In hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, what portion of the pyloric sphincter actually hypertrophies?

Answer 10

Muscularis externa

Question 11

What disorder results when the gallbladder rudiment advances beyond the hepatic diverticulum and becomes buried within the substance of the liver?

Answer 11

Intrahepatic gallbladder

Question 12

What disorder results when the gallbladder rudiment lags behind the hepatic diverticulum and becomes suspended from the liver by a mesentery?

Answer 12

Floating gallbladder

Question 13

What is a potential complication of floating gallbladder?

Answer 13

Torsion

Question 14

What congenital condition causes progressive obliteration of intra- and/or extrahepatic biliary ducts and has 100% mortality?

Answer 14

Biliary atresia

Question 15

Persistence of what structure causes an accessory pancreatic duct?

Answer 15

Proximal 1/3 of the dorsal pancreatic duct

Question 16

Through what structure does an accessory pancreatic duct empty into the duodenum? Where, in relation to the ampulla of Vater, does it empty?

Answer 16

Empties via a minor papilla into a site proximal to the ampulla of Vater