Hx of Radiology Flashcards
Who created the Crooke’s tube?
Sir William Crooke
Who discovered the x ray and when was it?
Wilhelm Roentgen, November 8th 1895
Who was the first person to use x ray and when was it?
LTC Giuseppe Alvaro, in 1896
When did the US army first used the X ray and what campaign was it?
1898 during the spanish american war
What are some important dates to remember?
1895, 1913, 1921, 1929, 1974, 1979, 1982
How do you define Science?
thinking in an organized and classified manner
How do you define Natural Science?
the study of the universe and its content
How do you define Veolocity?
Rate of change in position of an object over time
How do you define Acceleration?
Rate of change in velocity over time
What is Force?
Push and pull of an object
What are the two types of natural science?
Physical science and Biological science
Who developed the laws of motion and when?
Sir Isaac Newton, 1686
How many laws of motion are there?
3
what is the first law of motion?
Law of inertia, states that the object tends to maintain its status unless acted upon. Object in motion, stays in motion, object at rest remains at rest.
What is the 2nd law of motion?
Force, which is proportional to the mass times acceleration F = m x a
What is the 3rd law of motion?
Action/Reaction. Push the wall the wall pushes back
What is a decimal system?
system that uses the multiples of ten to describe position of numbers
what is a decimal point?
decimal point is a dot that separates whole number from decimal numbers.
In the small scale measurements of the metric system, what are the three letters that represents the length, mass, and time?
CGS, centimeter, gram, and second
In the larger scale measurements of the metric system, what are the three letters that represents the length, mass, and time?
MKS, Meter, kilogram, and second
What does SI stand for?
system international
System International is the preferred system of measurement for
Medicine and Science
what does the temperature measures?
measures the average energy of movements of the molecules of the matter
Velocity measures ____ in a given ____ and it is abbreviated by ____
speed, direction, m/s
what are the 7 base SI units?
Second, Mole, Meter, Amp, Candela, Kelvin, Kilogram
what does Newton measures?
Force
what does Joule measures?
Energy
Matter is anything that has ___ and occupies ___ and has ___
mass, space, inertia
Matter as mixture of substance: How is substance defined?
Substance are materials that has a definite and constant composition
substance are materials that has a ____ and _____
definite and constant composition
What is an element?
it is a substance made up of atoms, with same atomic number (protons) and have the same chemical properties
if a substance has the same atomic number and properties, then they are….
Element
A compound is a substance consisting of _____ different ___ that are ____ bonded together
2 or more, chemically
Are mixtures chemically bonded together?
no, they are not, they are just mixed
what is mechanical energy?
it is a result of action from a machine or physical movement. There are two types, kinetic and potential energy.
What is heat?
it is a result of atoms and molecules. movement of atomic particles causes heat
What does electron do?
it orbits the nucleus in a fixed orbit.
How heavy is proton?
1.672x10 to the -27 kg
Atomic weight is mass of atomic weight of _____ isotope
carbon 12
atomic mass unit is therefore defined as _____ the mass of the _______ nucleus
one twelfth, carbon 12
What letter is used to represent atomic number?
z
what does atomic number represent?
number of protons
What is atomic mass number?
it is the combination of protons and neutron, or nucleons in the atom
What does the electron binding energy states?
the electron orbits the nucleus of the atom. The closer the electrons are to the nucleus the stronger the binding energy.
What does a combination of two or more atoms form?
a molecule
what are the two types of molecules?
simple and complex (DNA)
describes the states of vibration in the different states of matter
solid - vibrating in place
Liquid - vibration increased a lot from solid, takes the shape of the object it occupies
gas - vibrate greatly. It bounces off of each other, not visible to the eyes
In the periodic table, what do the vertical columns represent?
Represents the valence electrons in the outermost shell
in the periodic table, what do the horizontal columns represent?
represents the number of shells of the atom
what are some other names for vertical columns?
Group/Families
what is another names for horizontal columns
series/periods
Vertical columns have _____ _____ properties, contain the representative elements.
similar chemical
in horizontal rows, the elements are laid out in series of rows so that those with ___ ____ line up in ____ ____
those with similar properties, vertical columns
What are valence electrons?
they are electrons in the outermost shell, responsible for chemical and electrical activities.
What is Valence?
it is an ability for of an atom to combine with other atoms
how does the elements in the first 4 groups act in order to achieve the octet rule?
group 1 is +1, 2 +2, 3 +3, 4 is +/-4
how does the elements in the last 4 groups act in order to satisfy the octet rule?
+/-4, -3, -2, -1, 0
how is ionic bond formed?
from a result of ionization, one element completely gives up its electron(s)
How is covalent bond formed?
by sharing of electrons
What is magnetism?
it is a property of magnets that allow it to attract magnetic substances
what is a magnetic field?
it is a zone of influence around magnet.
what are electromagnets?
magnets created by means of electric current
what are the 3 laws of magnetism?
Magnetic poles, Repulsion/attraction, inversed square law
what does the inversed square law states?
the force of 2 magnetic fields are proportional to the product of magnetic poles strength divided by the square of the distance between them.
how do electrons spin while orbiting the nucleus?
on its axis
when is magnetic field produced?
when electrical charge is in motion
describe the characteristics of electron spinning.
they usually spin in pairs, opposite direction of each other with opposite poles, causing the magnetic field to cancel out
how many types of magnetic classification of matter are there?
4, Ferro, Para, Non, Dia
what are the differences between Paramag and Diamag
paramagnetic has weak attraction and low permeability, Diamagnets are repelled by both poles and cannot be artifically magnetized
magnetic field in Electromagnetism is …
force field created by the movement of charged particles. The magnetic field is perpendicular to the movement of the particle, they are also called lines of flux or lines of force
what is an electromagnet?
it is a magnet that has been induced by electric current
what is the shape of the magnetic field around the conductor?
Concentric cylinders
magnetic flux created around a current carrying conductor has a ____ ____ and ______
definite direction, polarity
In the right hand rule for coil, right hand rule is different. what do the fingers represent and the thumb represent?
finger represents the direction of the current and the thumb represents the north pole
what are the three ways to create motion between the lines of force and the conductor?
- you can move the conductor
- you can move the magnetic fields
- you can vary the magnetic flux, both the conductor and magnets are stationary, the flux strength just changes, the lines of force with expand and contract, this then causes the motion to induce current
Faraday has ____ laws
4
What is Faraday’s law number 1 in regards to cutting lines of force?
- You can determine the lines of force cut by how fast you are moving the conductor and the lines of force
what is faraday’s law number 2?
- The strength of the lines of force
what is Faraday’s law number 3?
- The angle in which the conductor cuts through the magnetic field. when the space between lines of flux is smaller due to an angle change, this means more lines is cut, more EMF induced
what is Faraday’s law number 4?
- number of turns in the conducting coil, the more coil the more EMF
what does Lenz’s law state?
states that the induced current will move in the opposite direction of the same action that induces it
how many types of inductions are there?
- mutual and self- induction
