HWST107 Study Guide Units 6-7 Flashcards
Prior to 1778
Hawaiian genealogies extend back 2,000 years
Prior to 1778
Spanish arrive in Hawaiʻi
1778
Population 1,000,000
1778
Captain Cook lands at Waimea, Kauaʻi
1778
Introduction of STD’s to HawaiʻI - Gonorrhea, syphilis and tuberculosis by 1816 Russian ships note advanced cases of STD’s affecting Hawaiians
1804
Bubonic Plague
1810
Kamehameha unites the Hawaiian Archipelago under his rule
1819
Kamehameha dies his son Liholiho becomes Mōʻī
1819
Kapu system abolished one month after Liholiho becomes king
1824
Liholiho dies five years after being king of measles in London
1824
Kauikeaouli becomes Mōʻī at age 11, with Kaʻahumanu as regent
1820
First American missionaries arrive in Hawaiʻi
1823
Missionary estimate population at 150,000
1826
Influenza
1832
Whooping Cough
1834
Approximately 92 percent of Hawaiian adults are literate
1839
The French Captain Laplace threatens to bombard Hawaiʻi unless they pay him $20,000, place France on most favored status, allowed Catholic priest into Hawaiʻi, and no duty on French wines and brandy
1840
Hawaiʻi considered a Christian nation and the ABCFM begins to withdraw financial support of its missionaries in Hawaiʻi
1840
Leprosy
1842
United States recognizes the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi
1843
Lord George Paulet demands $100,000 for alleged insults to British subjects then seizes Hawaiʻi for England not withstanding a 1836 treaty with England. Six months later England sends Admiral Thomas to reinstate the lawful Kingdom of Hawaiʻi. England and France recognize Hawaiʻi as an independent nation
1848
Measles, Whooping Cough & Influenza
1848
Population 88,000
1849
The French Admiral Louis Tremain arrived in Honolulu making more demands on the King and lands French troops taking possession of the Fort of Honolulu and then destroyed coastal cannons and other weapons
1853
population 80,000
1854
Kauikeaouli dies and is succeeded by Alexander Liholiho Kamehameha IV
1863
Liholiho dies and Lot Kapuaiwa, Kamehameha V, becomes Mōʻī
1865
The Hansen’s disease colony is established on Kalaupapa
1872
Lot Kapuaiwa, Kamehameha V dies without naming an heir William Lunalilo is elected King
1874
population 51,000
February 1874
Lunalilo dies and David Kalākaua backed by American business men is elected. People riot over the election results
February 1874
Kalākaua’s first act as king was to support the reciprocity treaty allowing sugar into U.S. without import tax in return for use of Pearl Harbor
1882
ʻIolani Palace completed. It had electricity and telephone even before the White House or Buckingham Palace
1887
“Bayonet Constitution” forced on King Kalākaua by all white Hawaiian League, stripping the power of the sovereign and Kanaka Maoli (natives) of their land rights
1888
Whooping Cough
1889
Robert Wilcox rebellion fails to overturn Bayonet Constitution
1890
Diptheria
1890
55,000 Asian laborers imported to Hawaiʻi by sugar planters
1891
King Kalākaua dies in San Francisco; Lydia Kamakaʻeha becomes Queen Liliʻuokalani
1893
Queen Liliʻuokalani is deposed by a conspiracy of American businessmen with support of United States armed forces
1893
President Cleveland sends a message to Congress calling for the restoration of Queen Liliʻuokalani as sovereign after a 6 month investigation by Senator James Blount
1893
population 40,000
4 July 1984
The Provisional Government changes their name to the Republic of Hawaiʻi. They do not allow Hawaiians to vote without swearing an oath to their new regime.
January 1895
Unsucessful attempt by Royalists led by Wilcox to restore the Queen Liliʻuokalani. She is then tried for treason and imprisoned in the ʻIolani Palace for 6 months
1896
Hawaiian language banned from private and public schools
6 December 1897
Representatives carry 38,000 signatures in a petition against the annexaction treaty to Washington
15 January 1898
The explosion sinks the USS Maine in Havana Harbor, Cuba
February 1898
Annexation treaty is defeated in the U.S. Senate. 46 to 58.
20 April 1898
US declares war on Spain (the Spanish-American war)
7 July 1898
President McKinley signs illegal resolution to annex Hawaiʻi
30 April 1900
Hawaiʻi becomes territory of the United States through the Organic Act imposed on Hawaiʻi.
“Models” of the Akaka Bill (Self-Determination)
1) establish an office within the US Department of the Interior to focus on native Hawaiian issues and serve as a liaison agency between native Hawaiians and the federal government (operate as a state within a state) 2) secession from the United States 3) achieve independent status under international law
“Moose” Lui (Hawaiian Movement)
honorary mayor of Kalama Valley & his wife had their names on Hawaiian Homes trust land list in 1952
“Soli” Niheu (Hawaiian Movement)
formed Kokua Kalama Committee (KKC) in 1970
Abigail Kuaihelani Campbell (1897 Petitions…)
President of Hui Aloha ʻĀina for Women; went with Emma Aima Nawahī to Hilo on the Kinau to collect signatures
Admiral Richard Thomas (Synopsis)
brought instructions from London to restore sovereignty of Hawaiian people after George Paulet took over the kingdom
Akaka Bills (Self-Determination)
passage of either bill would lay the foundation for a nation-within-a-nation model of self-goverance; domestic-dependent nation; they are about recognition of the nation’s first people and to encourage the perpetuation of their culture & traditions
Ala Wai Canal (Taking Waikiki)
built in 1922-1927; 3 miles long & 25 feet deep & 250 feet wide; bid was awarded to Dillingham’s Dredging company; he was allowed to sell the extra filler material he dredged up
Albert Akana (Broken Promise)
Department of Hawaiian Home Lands agency project manager on the Big Island was jumped past more than 100 people on the list in 1965 to get a 300 acre ranch; picked as a “role model” rancher to other Hawaiians
Baltazar Kitalong (Belau)
leading member of “Khalreng” a movement that campaigned strongly against proposed military bases in Belau was murdered on 22 Sep 1981
Belau
nation in debt for 16 megawatt power plant built for $32 million; 1st mini revolution on 8 Sep 1981; 2nd mini revolution in early July 1987
Belau constitution
1979 Constitution made the country the world’s first nuclear free country; people voted 10 times about issue of a nuclear free Constitution; 19 July 1987 constitution allowed nuclear weapons
Benjamin Franklin Dillingham (Taking Waikiki)
owned Pacific Hardware Company to sell products to sugar plantations; founded Oahu Railway & Land Company; known as “Mr. Hawaii”; assumed control of a dredging company & needed contracts from the military for dredging work so he did a lot of entertaining of generals & other military; led the Civic Sanitation Committee & when there was an outbreak of yellow fever his company was the only one available to conduct the massive operation of ridding the city of mosquitos; combined his railroad & dredging company into Dilco
CANZUS group (UN)
Canada, New Zealand, & United States were all politically opposed to the Declaration
Captain Cook (An Act of War)
arrived in Hawaiʻi in 1778 with ships Resolution & Discovery. His men brought diseases to the Hawaiian people
Captain G. Wiltse (An Act of War & Synopsis)
US Naval commander of the U.S.S. Boston that was ordered to land in Honolulu to aid in “protection of American life and property” on 16 January 1893
Captain Laplace (Synopsis)
French captain that threatened war in 1839 unless $20,000 bond paid and France given most favored nation status; France was upset over the French Catholic priests being expelled from the islands & the high duty that was placed upon French wines & brandy; American businessmen paid the $20,000 on behalf of the bankrupt Hawaiian government
Captain Thomas ap Catesby-Jones (Synopsis)
commanded the US warship The Peacock and demanded most favored nation status & US citizens would be protected from enemies while residing in Hawaii – treaty signed
Charles B. Wilson (An Act of War & Synopsis)
marshal of the Hawaiian kingdom; heard of the coup & proposed that 13 leaders of the Committee of Safety be arrested for treason - warrants weren’t approved because of their strong alliance with John L. Stevens; provided aid to the Queen in trying to stop the overthrow along with Samuel Nowlein (the captain of the Royal Household Guard)
Charles McCarthy (Taking Waikiki)
governor in 1918-1921 who had close ties to Dillingham
Charles Reed Bishop (Synopsis)
the first banker of the kingdom; convinced Kamehameha III that private land ownership would enhance prosperity & protection of sovereignty; sugar plantation business partner with William Little Lee; invited General Schofield to see Pearl Harbor for military use in exchange for no US import tax on sugar
Constitution of the Republic of Hawaii (Taking Waikiki)
modeled after Louisiana’s constitution; must swear allegiance to Republic; have $200 of land; be able to explain the constitution & be literate in English; Chinese & Japanese were excluded
Cooper (An Act of War)
read the proposition
Dana & Linton Park (Hawaiian Movement)
he said “Hawaiian history was being made” by the act of resistance of bulldozing of houses in rural Kalama Valley on 11 May 1971; both resisted bulldozers in Kalama Valley
Daniel Inouye (Broken Promise)
US Senator who told Mr. Henry Afong to “You just hang on, Mr. Afong” who had been on the Hawaiian Homes wait list since 1952
Daniel Manaku (Broken Promise)
a squatter in Anahola, a beach on Kauaʻi, was on the waiting list for land but said “It’s a hit list, that’s what it is to me. They put you on the list and they let you die.”
David Kalauokalani (1897 Petitions…)
President of Hui Kālaiʻāina; sent along with 3 other delegates selected from all 3 groups to Washington (James Kaulia - President of Hui Aloha ʻĀina, John Richardson, and William Auld as secretary) - called national delegates “ʻElele Lāhui”; elected as President of Home Rule Party when Hui Aloha ʻĀina & Hui Kālaiʻāina banded together in 1900.
Dr. Gerrit P. Judd (Synopsis)
missionary & physician that was a trusted advisor - Minister of Finance & de facto Minister of the Interior – paid off 1826 national debt in 1845; invested in sugar plantations; argued for private land ownership after French & British attempted takeovers –said foreign governments could not seize the land if it was privately owned
Economic, Political, & Social Structures in PreContact Hawaii (Collision)
subsistence economy (without a market & without a need for surplus production); spent a good deal of time pursuing sporting, cultural, & artistic activities;
Emma Aima Nawahī (1897 Petitions…)
Member of Hui Aloha ʻĀina for Women; went with Abigail Kuaihelani Campbell to Hilo on the Kinau to collect signatures
England’s Cultural Integration & Social Change (Collision)
Christianity which held a linear view of time proceeding from a specific beginning of an imminent and apocalyptic end; and had subdivisions between God, men, and land
England’s Economics (Collision)
capitalism which places the means of production in the hands of individuals and firms; no one had a right to expect food, clothing, shelter, or medical care; individual survival was based upon personal explotation of others rather than communal sharing with them
England’s Leadership & Social Organization (Collision)
a king & parliamentary system; political & secular leadership; power was simply to be seized by those most wiling and fit to make the effort
Enoch Johnson (1897 Petitions…)
went with Simon Peter Kanoa to Maui on the Claudine to get signatures
Francis Hatch (1897 Petitions…)
met with President William McKinley in Washington as an annexationist along with Lorrin Thurston and William Kinney
General Schofield (An Act of War)
Surveyed Pearl Harbor for use for the US Navy in exchange for no US import tax on sugar upon the invitation of Charles Bishop
George Paulet (Synopsis)
threatened war with Britain in 1843 because a British Consul said that his land was stolen (even though it was conditional leased not owned); he asked for $100,000 for the alleged insults to their British citizens; took over the kingdom until Admiral Richard Thomas brought instructions from London to restore sovereignty of Hawaiian people
George Santos (Hawaiian Movement)
Kalama Valley resident & pig farmer who was evicted by the Trustees of the Bishop Estate. He promised, “They’re not going to push me around no more.”
Harvey Tajiri (Broken Promise)
state legislator who operates his campaign headquarters and auto body shop on homelands & has subletted land for 6 times what he pays for it
Hawaiʻi Resistance (Hawaiian Movement)
anti-war group born after March 1968 Martin Luther King slaying
Hawaiian Homes Commission Act
passed in 1921 and 200,000 acres set aside to lease residential, farm, and pastoral lots for $1/year to any Hawaiian with at least 50% native ancestry
Hawaiian Movement
Rallying cry in 1970s – “land for local people, not tourists”; rallying cry in 1980s turned into Hawaiian language term “Aloha ʻĀina (love of the land)
Henry Afong (Broken Promise)
91 year old native Hawaiian who was told by Senator Daniel Inouye to “just hang on” because he had been on the Hawaiian Homes waiting list since 1952
Herb Takahashi (Hawaiian Movement)
member of Kaimuki Collective (maoist group of local people of color that was dedicated to hammering out revolutionary thought)
Hiram Bingham (Synopsis)
leader of Calvinist missionaries that arrived in 1820
Hoaliku Drake (Broken Promise)
Department of Hawaiian Home Lands director
Hui Aloha ʻĀina for Men (1897 Petitions…)
founded after the 1893 overthrow to support Queen and to oppose US annexation; passed around petition held mass meeting at Palace Square on 6 September 1897; sent 4 delegates selected from all 3 groups to Washington (James Kaulia - Hui AlohaʻĀina President, David Kalauokalani - Hui Kālaiʻāina President, John Richardson, and William Auld as secretary) - called national delegates “ʻElele Lāhui”; worked for civil and political rights for Hawaiian citizens in the US territorial system
Hui Aloha ʻĀina for Women (1897 Petitions…)
founded after the 1893 overthrow to support Queen and to oppose US annexation; passed around petition; held mass meeting at Palace Square on 6 September 1897; worked for civil and political rights for Hawaiian citizens in the US territorial system
Hui Kālaiʻāina (1897 Petitions…)
formed after the 1887 Bayonet Constitution; passed around petition & collected 17,000 signatures; tried to undo annexation & restore native government
Indigenous societies’ Cultural Integration & Social Change (Collision)
behavor is organized around ideas of what is “right” (rather than “useful” or “necessary” or “expedient”; a system of equilibrium; natural world & spiritual world & human world are equally real & protected from casual exploitation
Indigenous societies’ Economics (Collision)
“communal”; material means deemed essential to the survival of the individual or group are either actively held in common; money is an abstract intrinsically valueless medium
Indigenous societies’ Leadership & Social Organization (Collision)
leaders seen as caretakers more than ultimate & unshakable authorities; kinship network
J. Atherton Richards (Broken Promise)
former trustee of Bishop Estates had 9,370 acre ranch on homelands
J.O. Carter (1897 Petitions…)
friend to Queen Liliʻuokalani in Washington
James Blount (An Act of War)
senator who was sent to Honolulu by President Grover Cleveland to investigate the overthrow; took down American flag from the government building upon his arrival
James Kaulia (1897 Petitions…)
President of Hui Aloha ʻĀina for Men; sent along with 3 other delegates selected from all 3 groups to Washington (David Kalauokalani - Hui Kālaiʻāina President, John Richardson, and William Auld as secretary) - called national delegates “ʻElele Lāhui”; elected as Vice-President of Home Rule Party when Hui Aloha ʻĀina & Hui Kālaiʻāina banded together in 1900.
John C. Jones (Synopsis)
US Consul that sent for warships in 1826 to enforce the debt repayment of the Aliʻi
John Leavitt Stevens (An Act of War)
US Department of State minister to Hawaii; was a spy reporting to Washington and coached the conspiracy to overthrow the Queen; was sent a note from the Committee of Safety on 16 January 1893 asking for aid & protection of the US forces
John Richardson (1897 Petitions…)
sent along with 3 other delegates selected from all 3 groups to Washington (James Kaulia - Hui Aloha ʻĀina President, David Kalauokalani - Hui Kālaiʻāina President, and William Auld as secretary) - called national delegates “ʻElele Lāhui”; stayed on in Washington to work with the Queen, her secretary Joseph Heleluhe, and her friend J.O. Carter
John Rowe (Broken Promise)
Department of Hawaiian Home Lands agency’s deputy director
John Sherman (1897 Petitions…)
Secretary of State; met with delegates and Kalauokalani submitted the memorial protesting annexation on 10 Dec 1897
John Witeck (Hawaiian Movement)
young creative Catholic activists who headed Youth Action & he went to Kalama Valley to stop the bulldozers
Joseph Heleluhe (1897 Petitions…)
secretary to Queen Liliʻuokalani in Washington
Kaikioewa Ulukou (1897 Petitions…)
went to Kauaʻi for signatures; collected 2,375
Kalama Valley (Hawaiian Movement)
150 families leased land from Bishop Estates; pig & vegetable farmers, construction workers – all were working class & described their community as Hawaiian and local
Kalani Ohelo (Hawaiian Movement)
formed Kokua Kalama Committee (KKC) in 1970; took up residence in the Kalama Valley to support the tenants and witnessed the first eviction; sent as a delegate to Black Panther convention in Washington D.C.
Kanaka Maoli (1897 Petitions…)
Native Hawaiians formed coalitions to oppose annexation
Kehau Lee (Hawaiian Movement)
member of Kaimuki Collective (maoist group of local people of color that was dedicated to hammering out revolutionary thought); belonged to Concerned Locals for Peace
King David Kalākaua (An Act of War)
elected in 1874 supported by American businessmen beat Queen Emma in the election & the people rioted - US troops landed to stop the riot; went to Washington to get reciprocity signed; nicknamed the Merrie Monarch; built the ʻIolani palace & revived hula; named his sister Lydia Kamakaʻeha Dominis to be his successor in 1877; he also told the world that Hawaiʻi was a force to be reckoned with; forced to accept new Cabinet Council & then to sign a new constituion in 1887 (“Bayonet Constitution”) which allowed foreign nationals to have voting rights & decreased the executive authority of the king; died in San Francisco in 1891
King Kamehameha I (Synopsis)
united Hawaiian Islands in 1810; died in 1819
King Kamehameha II, Liholiho (Synopsis)
came to throne upon father’s death in 1819; November 1819 ended the kapu system; died in 1824
King Kamehameha III, Kauikeaouli (Synopsis)
became king in 1824 upon the death of his brother; Kaʻahumanu as his coregent until 1832; He was the transitional period, from Hawai‘i being an absolute monarchy to Hawai‘i becoming a constitutional monarchy.
King Kamehameha IV, Alexander Lihiliho ʻIolani (Synopsis)
came to the throne in 1854; cancelled annexation negotiations; promoted ties with Britain; traveled through Europe; had Queen’s hosital built; ignored missionary advice so they began to train their own children to take over the government; did not have a named successor
King Kamehameha V, Lot Kapuaiwa (Synopsis)
came to the throne in 1863; enacted a constitution in 1864 that took away the power of future monarchs to enact a new constitution without legislative approval; passed away in 1872 with no named successor
King William Charles Lunalilo
elected as Monarch in 1873 upon the death of Kamehameha V
Kōkua Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian Movement)
slogan of the group was “huli”
Larry Jones (Hawaiian Movement)
journalist & minster who was a Youth Action member who would later become a radical spokesma for welfare rights causes
Lary Kamakawiwoʻole (Hawaiian Movement)
Hawaiian Religion instructor at the University; Youth Action member; led Kalama Valley support committee; formed Kokua Kalama Committee (KKC) in 1970
Laura Mahelona (1897 Petitions…)
worked for signatures on Kona & Kaʻū; gathered 4,216 signatures; was so well received with leis that her clothes couldn’t be seen because she was so covered in leis
Lieutenant Percival (Synopsis)
commanded the US warship The Dolphin and demanded that the Hawaiian government guarantee Aliʻi debt (1st national debt)
Lori & Wayne Hayashi (Hawaiian Movement)
member of Kaimuki Collective (maoist group of local people of color that was dedicated to hammering out revolutionary thought); she was a anti-war activist and organizer & went to Kalama Valley to stop bulldozers
Lorrin Thurston (1897 Petitions…) & (Synopsis)
wrote the “Bayonet Constitution” in 1887; grandson of American missionaries; led the Committee of Safety, which planned to make Hawaii a territory of the US. In 1893 this committee was supported by the US military to overthrow the Hawaiian kingdom and institute a Provisional Government controlled by his committee; met with President William McKinley in Washington as an annexationist along with Francis Hatch and William Kinney
Lt. Lucien Young (An Act of War)
marched 152 troops & 11 officers up to the front of Palace
Lucias Pinkham (Taking Waikiki)
supervised coal for the Oahu Railway & Land Company; worked as manager & cashier for Dillingham’s company; appointed President of the Board of Health in 1904-1906; declares changes to Waikiki necessary according to Waikiki Reclamation Report which would change it into an upscale residential neighborhood; governor from 1913-1918
Mayor Cravalho (Broken Promise)
got 15,000 acres on Maui for $1.60/acre
Michael, Daniel, & James Leahy
3 brothers that explored the interior of Papa New Guinea in 1930; Mick was the leader
Moanikeala Akaka (Hawaiian Movement)
one of the most radical Hawaiian nationalists; met with the Black Panther leaders; held Kōkua Hawaii march rally at state capital in 1971 where they wore black berets to symbolize solidarity with Panthers and other militant 3rd world struggles
Nambia & Botswana (UN)
emphasized that the Declaration would cause an insurrection & division because terms “indigenous peoples” and “self-determination” were not defined
Noel Kent (Hawaiian Movement)
SDS (Students for a Democratic Society) member & Kalama Valley supporter wrote a letter to Kōkua Hawaiʻi after haoles were asked to leave the Valley and be less visible in the resistance
Non-native lessees of HHCA land
obtained land rights illegally; 1965 state law allowed them to lease the land, but was not actually legal until Congress approved federal statute amendment in 1986
Papa New Guinea
one of the last nations to be colonized; in 1920s Australia occupied the fringe area of the island; 1926 gold discovered 40 miles inland
Pete Thompson (Hawaiian Movement)
formed Kokua Kalama Committee (KKC) in 1970; member of Kaimuki Collective (maoist group of local people of color that was dedicated to hammering out revolutionary thought)
President Bill Clinton (An Act of War)
acknowledged illegal overthrow and gave a formal apology in 1993
President Grover Cleveland (An Act of War)
inaugurated 4 Mar 1893 and 5 days later had treaty withdrawn from the Senate & sent Senator James Blount to Honolulu on 29 March to conduct an investigation; concluded from the report that the overthrow was wrong
President Haruo Remeliik (Belau)
1st President of Belau (2 Mar 1981 - 30 Jun 1985) & father of the Belau constitution; 1st Pacific islands leader to be assassinated (CIA alleged to be involved)
President Salii (Belau)
committed “suicide” on 20 Aug 1987
President Tyler (An Act of War)
Tyler Doctrine - told Europe that Hawaiʻi isn’t yours. It was his version of the Monroe Doctrine but for the Pacific
President William McKinley (1897 Petitions…)
elected in 1896; open to Hawaiʻi annexation unlike previous President - Grover Cleveland. He met with the 3 annexationists that went to Washington - Lorrin Thurston, Francis Hatch, and William Kinney; he negotiated and signed Treaty of Annexation in June 1897
Queen Liliʻuokalani (1897 Petitions…)
became Queen in 1891 after her brother King David Kalākaua dies; 2/3 of her people sent petitions asking for a new constitution to restore power to Hawaiians; drafted a new constitution 14 January 1893 to remove foreign national ability to vote & wuld reinstate 1864 constitution (the last “valid” constitution); government overthrown on 17 January 1893; imprisoned in ʻIolani Palace for 8 months in 1895; pardoned in October 1896; went to Washington in December 1896; met with delegates sent to Washington (James Kaulia - Hui Aloha ʻĀina President, David Kalauokalani - Hui Kālaiʻāina President, John Richardson, and William Auld as secretary) on 6 December 1897; chosen as the Washington committee chair; she chose Hui Aloha ʻĀina’s petition because Hui Kālaiʻāina’s petition asked for full restoration of monarchy; met with Senator Hoar to ask him to bring petition before Senate & Foreign Relations Committee
Richard Lyman (Hawaiian Movement)
trustee of the Bishop Estate said residents’ protest was of no concern because their primary responsibility was to “maintain & operate Kamehameha Schools”
Robert L. Hind III (Broken Promise)
Parker Ranch’s livestock manager who said “It’s not like we are paying nothing”; the ranching corporation pays the state $3.33 an acre/year for 27,000 acres of homelands
Robert M. Kaaoao (1897 Petitions…)
President of Kalaupapa branch of Hui Aloha ʻĀina; gathered signatures on MolokaʻI (where the leprosy sufferers were imprisoned); also held activities to celebrate the Queen’s birthday on 2 September
Robert Wilcox (1897 Petitions… & Synopsis)
leader in rebellion effort to overturn Bayonet Constitution in 1889 - Marines landed to squash the rebellion & he was then found innocent by an all-Hawaiian jury; leader of unsucessful rebellion against provisional governement that led to imprisonment of over 200 people plus the Queen was imprisoned in ʻIolani Palace for 8 months in 1895; elected as nonvoting delegate to US Congress by the Home Rule Party
Ruddy F. Togg (Broken Promise)
Diamond Head developer and Aloha Air founder has a 1,126 acre ranch on homelands
S. 1783 (Self-Determination)
Akaka Bill No. 3 - narrowly drafted ugly cousin to bills 1 & 2; blood quantum definition used to define who is and isn’t a federally recognized Hawaiian; gives plenary power over Hawaiians to the US Congress
S. 2899 (Self-Determination)
Akaka Bill No. 1 - only bill Hawaiians have testifed about
S. 746 (Self-Determination
Akaka Bill No. 2 - only bill Senator Daniel Akaka is currently pushing; removed economic self-sufficiency language of first bill; drafted in Washington; says self-determination can be exercised by taking federal money
Samuel Nowlein (An Act of War & Synopsis)
Captain of the Hawaiian Royal Household Guard that worked with Mr. Charles B. Wilson to aid the Queen in trying to stop the overthrow
Sand Island
residents of a self-supporting Hawaiian community were labeled squatters on government land in the 1970s; they wanted to live on the beach and cultivate the Hawaiian lifestyle to be fishermen - independent & live off the land; evicted; 180 acres was used to form a state park
Sandford Ballard Dole (An Act of War)
declined to officially be part of the Committee of Safety, but helped draft their declaration; accepted Presidency of provisional government
Senator Hoar (1897 Petitions…)
opposed to annexation; met with Washington committee delegates (Queen Liliʻuokalani , James Kaulia - Hui Aloha ʻĀina President, David Kalauokalani - Hui Kālaiʻāina President, John Richardson, and William Auld as secretary) & agreed to bring petition before Senate and Foreign Relations Committee
Senator Richard Pettigrew (1897 Petitions…)
took Washington delegates (James Kaulia - Hui Aloha ʻĀina President, David Kalauokalani - Hui Kālaiʻāina President, John Richardson, and William Auld as secretary) to Senate’s opening ceremonies; insisted along with Senator Turpie that Kanaka Maoli be given a chance to vote on annexation
Senator Turpie (1897 Petitions…)
insisted along with Senator Richard Pettigrew that Kanaka Maoli be given a chance to vote on annexation
Simon Peter Kanoa (1897 Petitions…)
went with Enoch Johnson to Maui on the Claudine to get signatures; collected 1,944 in Hāna, Maui
Timothy Glidden (Broken Promise)
the homelands’ administrative agency at federal level, the US Interior Department, the sole designated office says “I spend very little time on it”
Trustees of the Bishop Estate (Hawaiian Movement)
Frank Midkiff, Herbert Keppeler, Atherton Richards, Richard Lyman, and Hung Wo Ching – all Republicans, 3 of them former military, 2 were members of “Pacific Club” a whites only social club
U.S Senator Morgan (1897 Petitions…)
advocate of annexation arrived in Hawaiʻi 14 September 1897
UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
formally adopted on 13 September 2007 as a comprehensive international standard on human rights; lays out minimum standards for the survival, dignity, and well-being of indigenous peoples
University of HawaiʻI (Hawaiian Movement)
First group to answer Kalama Valley call for support
US involvement in Belau
US offered $430 million in exchange for 1/3 of island area for military bases, jungle warefare training, and nuclear warship transit; desired Malakal Harbor for US Navy to open up straits for passage to Indian Ocean
Victoria Kamamalu (Synopsis)
Premier that assumed office for one day after King Kamehameha IV passed away on 30 November 1863 before Lot Kapuaiwa (Kamehameha V) took the throne
Wagi Valley
biggest valley of all Papa New Guinea with 1/4 million people living there; gold discovered there by Leahy brothers
Waikiki Reclamation Report (Taking Waikiki)
due to sanitation reasons; required land to be raised to 5-7 feet above sea level; land owners must fill in their own land at their own expense; if they can’t afford to fill it in they will have a lien placed on the property & the property would be sent to auction; this report became the master plan for Waikiki
Waiting List (Broken Promise)
only 3,700 of the tens of thousands of families are eligible have actually been allowed to settle on the land
Wallace Fukunaga (Hawaiian Movement)
Youth Action member
William Auld (1897 Petitions…)
sent as secretary along with 3 other delegates selected from all 3 groups to Washington (James Kaulia - Hui Aloha ʻĀina President, David Kalauokalani - Hui Kālaiʻāina President, and John Richardson) - called national delegates “ʻElele Lāhui”
William Kinney (1897 Petitions…)
met with President William McKinley in Washington as an annexationist along withLorrin Thurston and Francis Hatch
William Little Lee (Synopsis)
lawyer recommended by Dr. Gerrit P. Judd and became the kingdom’s Attorney General; convinced Kamehameha III that private land ownership would enhance prosperity & protection of sovereignty; sugar plantation business partner with Charles Reed Bishop
William Richards (Synopsis)
missionary that was a trusted advisor - chaplain, interpreter, teacher of political economy, law, & science of government - became Minister of Education; argued for private land ownership after French & British attempted takeovers –said foreign governments could not seize the land if it was privately owned
Youth Action (Hawaiian Movement)
association founded by left-liberal campus ministers to bring young people of high school & college age into the social movements; headed by Jon Witeck; members included Larry Jones
