Hwst Exam 2 study guide Flashcards
Hānau ka ‘āina, Hānau ke ali’i, Hānau ke kanaka
Born was the land, born were the chiefs, born were the common people
(The land, the chiefs, and the commoners belong together)
Andesite line
Major geological division between volcanic and continental geology (different plates)
Marks western edge of pacific plate
Continental Islands & Volcanic Islands
Continental: formed by sedimentation
Volcanic: mostly by volcanic intrusion of plates
High island
large islands with mountains (volcanic)
(Ex. Hawaiian islands)
Makatea
Coral island from tectonic uplift (cliffs all over and in the shore)
Some are volcanic
Atoll
Low island w reef with no central island
Coral Reefs
Skeleton structure and ocean habitat
Endemic
species only found in Hawai’i (not naturally found anywhere else)
Indigenous
Found regionally in Pacific (native but may have a wider distribution)
Polynesian Introduction
Brought by Polynesian settlers (domestic dog, pic for food)
Convergence Zone
Areas of plate to plate interaction (where tectonic plates meet)
All the landmasses in the pacific created by _________
___ major plates
plate tectonics and volcanism
8 major plates
Hot spot
Area of volcanic eruption
Lōʻihi
Newest Hawn island/Kamaʻehu
Plate Tectonics
Explanation of how landforms are created from earth subterranean movement (tectonic activity)
Volcanism
activity when hot melted rock (magma) comes out of volcano into lava
Orographic process
wind travels upward on Windward side = rain -> wind descents on Leeward side = hot, dry
Oahu = ->west = leeward / <-east = windward
Kona
Leeward
Koʻolau
Windward
Ahupuaʻa
Social political land unit (how boundaries were marked)
From mountain to sea - each ruled by different Ali’i & Konohiki (land steward)
ʻamaʻama
Mullet fish at an adult stage (grown in Kuapā ponds)
ʻawa
Milkfish
ʻauwai
ditch (canal, aquaculture) brought water to land and taro/kalo plants
loʻi
taro field
Wai ola a Kāne
Living waters of Kāne (Kāne provides fresh water)
Kānewai
Place name for Hawaiian Studies (in Manoa valley, UHM)
kinolau
body forms of gods; multiple forms
māla
dry land agricultural plot (different to lo’i)
mauka
upland direction (toward mountains, far from ocean)
makai
coastal direction (near ocean, far from mountains)
ulu
breadfruit tree (fruit that taste like potato)
mokupuni
island
kalo =
taro
wai
water
manowai
water dam
waiwai
wealth (material and spiritual richness)
loko iʻa
fishpond (made with stone and corals)
kuapā
specific walled type of fishpond
makahā
sluice gate on fishpond
iʻa
way of calling all fish, crustacean, ocean animal life
‘uala
sweet potato
‘uala
sweet potato
In what ways have Micronesians been subjected to more colonial rule than any other pacific island?
Strategic position for multiple powers (Spain, Germans, Japan, U.S.)
Tinian Island (Micronesia) launching point for Enola Gay
End of WW when U.S. takes control of Micronesia from Japan
Bikini Atoll and Enewetak Atoll (bomb testing) - 66 atomic/nitrogen bombs tested = vaporized 6 islands and had to move people from their home
1954 - 15 megaton bomb tested in Bikini atoll = 1000 more powerful than Hiroshima attack
When and why did French Nuclear involvement in the Pacific begin?
1966 French began nuclear testing in Pacific
they wanted to be independent nuclear testing place
Used Moruroa & Fangataufa atoll
Symbolism of French power and nationalism
When did the People’s charter for a Nuclear Free-Pacific Begin/ what did this charter envision for a nuclear free zone?
1975 at a conference in Suva
It was a force in persuading Pacific governments to take a stronger nuclear free position and shape shape awareness
Title in Pidgin means “Seeking a Pacific free of colonialism
What was the Rarotongan Treaty? What are some of the treaties flaws?
1985 Prohibits nuclear testing/dumping of nuclear waste/nuclear weapons in almost all pacific states (13)
flaws: U.S., Britain, France did not sign the treaty = they still can nuclear test/own
Vanuatu, PNG, and Solomon Islands didn’t initially support it = worried about security, worried about relationship with other countries with nuclear weapons
Kulia i ka nuʻu
strive for the best (approach to life and works) (reach your highest point)
ahuʻula
feathered cloak
Chiefs used it as a symbol of power and mana
Made out of Hawaiian bird feathers
kāhili (clothes)
feathered staff; insignia of royalty
“feather stick”
Used in traditional ceremonies / rituals
Believed to carry spiritual significance = honor, respect
kapa (clothes)
and ʻohe kapala
bark cloth (tapa) - Large piece of cloth
made with trees bark
used in ceremonies or rituals
print in tool representing nature
iʻe kuku (tool for clothes)
tool to create kapa clothes
kiʻi
figure or god image (Totem)
typical Hawaiian totem
hana noʻeau
action of creating the object/medium
has function and aesthetic qualities
mea noʻeau
craft/medium created by person (item/object)
Hawaiian art
folk art vs fine art
Folk art - mea noʻeau, has both functional and aesthetic values - native’s traditional arts
Fine art - aesthetic value not functional, western art
ipu
vessel in shape of peanut
made out of gourds (like pumpkin)
mahiʻole (hint: you use it in head)
feathered helmet
for chiefs and warriors - authority
lauhala (hint: you use it in head)
hat made of pandanus leafs
aesthetic vs. function
young reading about difference between fine art that has no particular function and mea noʻeau (hawaiian art) that has both aesthetic and function
kumu hula (dance)
hula teacher or source (mentor)
hālau hula (dance)
school for hula, hula group
hula
a dance that conveys meaning
hula kahiko
Ancient hula
Ancient characteristics
Dance/songs honor old stories and hula deities
Traditional instruments
hula ʻauana
Modern hula
Modern dance open to change (wider stories)
Hawaiian music band
ipu heke (instrument)
double gourd drum
ʻulīʻulī (instrument)
gourd rattle (maraca)
mele
a song or chant of any kind
Hiʻiaka
Hula goddess
haka
traditional Maori dance
waiata (Maori)
Maori song or chant
Oli
A chant with no dance
Who is Pele?
Volcano goddess
Raranga (Maori)
maori weaving and plaiting (braiding plants to make bags, other clothes)
Whakairo (Maori)
Maori carving and decoration
Merrie Monarch Festival
Hula festival in Hilo
started in 1863 after tsunami and in honor of the king at the time
Mauna a Wākea
Telescope proposal at Mauna Kea (most sacred mountain of Hawaii) (symbol of sky father Wākea)
no guarantee of restoration and doesn’t promise TMT will be the last one built
Largest development yet
produce lots of waste and hazarding chemicals
peak is most scared to Hawaiian gods
carving god statues in wood
Joseph Nawahī/ Piʻikea Clark
Piʻikea Clark - First art exhibit on UH Manoa 1996 done by a Native Hawaiian in a century
Joseph Nawahī’s work in 1800’s was the first
Ended the neglect of Hawaiians at the University (in art)
Haley Kaʻiliʻehu
artist painting at UH as protest on Mauna Kea
