hw questions - chapter 1, 2, 3.1-3.2 Flashcards
what are some characteristics of a law? can they be falsified?
- predictive of natural phenomena
- unifying concept for natural phenomena
- often a mathematical relationship
- relates observable quantities to physical constants
can be falsified through contradictory empirical data
a theory is another word for a ______
model
a homogeneous mixture is also called a ________
solution
the uncertainty in the measurement 13.560 mg is
+/- 0.001mg
formula to convert C to F
°C=(°F − 32) × 5/9
which 2 postulates of dalton’s atomic theory are not true?
- all atoms of a given element are identical
- atoms are indestructible
later discovered that atoms can be of the same element but w/ different masses (isotopes) and that some atoms decay by loss of helium nucleus, and some atoms can be split by nuclear fission
law of definite proportions (aka law of constant composition)
regardless of method of preparation, a given compound will always consist of the same elements in the same proportion
what did the Millikan oil drop experiment directly determine?
the charge of the electron
cathode rays are composed of what fundamental particle?
electrons (bc they are negatively charged)
alpha particles
positively charged particles of radiation emitted from the decay of radioactive substances
energy of a photon is __________ proportional to frequency, and ___________ proportional to wavelength
directly, inversely
relationship b/w wavelength and frequency
inversely related
which color (frequency) of light travels the fastest in a vacuum?
the speed of light is constant in a vacuum and all colors of light travel at the same speed
neutral atoms of all isotopes of a given element have the same
number of electrons
mass number
sum of neutrons and protons (different from atomic #, which is just the number of protons)
if the frequency of an electromagnetic wave decreases, the amplitude will ____________
stay the same
amplitude is independent of frequency
in the photoelectric effect, if the intensity of light shone on a metal increases, what will happen?
there will be more electrons ejected
which scientist surmised the scientific principle that the position & momentum of an electron cannot be known simultaneously with a high degree of accuracy?
Heisenberg
(the uncertainty principle)
(typically attributed to Schrödinger but he worked amongst many other scientists to develop quantum mechanical theory)
how many electrons are in the n=1 shell in a neutral fluorine atom?
2
cations are always ________ than the neutral atom they are derived from and anion are always __________ than the neutral atom.
smaller; larger
which element has the symbol Sn?
tin
rare-earth (lanthanide) elements are elements with the atomic numbers _______
57-71
transition metals lose electrons from the _______________ first when they become cations
highest n level
