HW Ch's 15, 17, 16, 19

Question 1

Glycogen degradation occurs primarily in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  Muscle 
  Liver 
  Muscle and liver 
  Saliva

Answer 1

Muscle and liver

Question 2

In comparison with the resting state, actively contracting human muscle tissue undergoing glycolysis has:
  less of a need for ATP 
  a low energy charge 
  a very high levels of ATP 
  a high energy charge 
  less of a need for glucose

Answer 2

a low energy charge

Question 3

Glycogen is converted to glucose-1- phosphate by the enzyme  \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: 
  glucokinase 
  Phosphorylase kinase 
  hexokinase 
  glycogen phosphorylase 
  glycogen synthase

Answer 3

glycogen phosphorylase

Question 4

High concentrations of F2,6 BP activate which of the following?
  PEP carboxylase 
  Hexokinase 
  Phosphofructokinase-1 
  Pyruvate carboxykinase 
  Pyruvate kinase

Answer 4

Phosphofructokinase-1

Question 5

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ from muscle working anaerobically is released to blood and can be taken up by liver where it is converted to pyruvate.
  PFK 
  glucose-6-phosphate 
  lactate 
  citrate 
  alcohol

Answer 5

lactate

Question 6

Which of the following activates glycogen breakdown in muscle cells?
  PFK2 
  Glucagon 
  Insulin 
  PFK1 
  Epinephrine

Answer 6

Epinephrine

Question 7

Which of the following phosphorylates glucose in the liver after a big meal?
  Glucokinase 
  None of the answers here is true 
  Glycogen phosphorylase 
  Pyruvate kinase 
  Hexokinase

Answer 7

Glucokinase

Question 8

The role of hormone-sensitive lipase is to:
Break down lipids in the kidney
Break down triacylglycerols stored in adipose tissue
synthesize triacylglycerols in the liver
Break down lipids stored in the liver
Synthesize lipids in adipose tissue

Answer 8

Break down triacylglycerols stored in adipose tissue

Question 9

What alternate fuel reserve is used by brain during starving conditions?
  HMG-CoA reductase 
  Malonyl-CoA 
  Ketone bodies 
  Acetyl-CoA

Answer 9

Ketone bodies

Question 10

Which carrier transfers the fatty acyl-carnitine from intermembrane space of mitochondria to the matrix?
  Carnitine-acyltransferase translocase 
  Carnitine-acyltransferase transmutase 
  Carnitine-acyltransferase isomerase 
  Carnitine-acyltransferase dismutase

Answer 10

Carnitine-acyltransferase translocase

Question 11

Lipoprotein lipase catalyzes the _________________.
intestinal uptake of dietary fat
hydrolysis of triacylglycerols of plasma (circulating lipoproteins to supply fatty acids to various tissues)
lipoprotein breakdown to supply needed amino acids
none of the answers here is appropriate
cellular lipid breakdown of lipoproteins

Answer 11

hydrolysis of triacylglycerols of plasma (circulating lipoproteins to supply fatty acids to various tissues)

Question 12

The PDH complex is inhibited by which of the following?
  high levels of pyruvate 
  high levels of glucose 
  high levels of ATP 
  high levels of glucagon 
  high levels of oxygen

Answer 12

high levels of ATP

Question 13

Under low energy charge, which of the following activates the PDH complex?
  high levels of NADH 
  high levels of Pyruvate 
  high levels of Acetyl CoA 
  high levels of citrate 
  high levels of ATP

Answer 13

high levels of Pyruvate

Question 14

Which of the following is not true (FALSE) of the citric acid cycle?
All enzymes of the cycle are located in the cytoplasm, except succinate dehydrogenase, which is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane
Acetyl-CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to produce citrate
Oxaloacetate for the citric acid cycle can be generated from pyruvate via gluconeogenesis
The citric acid cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix
Succinate dehydrogenase channels electrons directly into the electron transport chain

Answer 14

All enzymes of the cycle are located in the cytoplasm, except succinate dehydrogenase, which is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 15

The reaction of the citric acid cycle that produces an ATP equivalent (in the form of GTP) by substrate level phosphorylation is the conversion of:
  citrate to isocitrate 
  succinate to fumarate 
  fumarate to malate 
  malate to oxaloacetate 
  succinyl-CoA to succinate

Answer 15

succinyl-CoA to succinate

Question 16

During oxidative phosphorylation, the proton motive force that is generated by electron transport is used to:
create a pore in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
induce a conformational change in the ATP synthase to generate ATP
generate O2
reduce H2O to O2
oxidize NADH to NAD+.

Answer 16

induce a conformational change in the ATP synthase to generate ATP

Question 17

Electron flow down the electron-transport chain leads to:
the transport of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane from the intermembrane space into the matrix.
the transport of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane from inside of the matrix to the intermembrane space
None of the answers here is true
the coupled synthesis of GTP.
a dangerous imbalance of K+ ions across the mitochondrial membrane.

Answer 17

the transport of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane from inside of the matrix to the intermembrane space

Question 18

Which complex(es) or members of the ETC accept(s) electrons from NADH?
  Complex I 
  Complex V 
  Complex II 
  Complex III 
  Complex IV

Answer 18

Complex I

Question 19

Which side of the mitochondrial inner membrane is more negative?
Matrix
Intermembrane space

Answer 19

Matrix

Question 20

On which side of the inner membrane are H+ pumped to?
Intermembrane space
Matrix

Answer 20

Intermembrane space