Hungary Flashcards
What are the growing regions in Hungary?
Észak Magyarország - North Hungary
Duna Danube - Great Plain
Dunántúl Transdanubia
What are the PDOs in Duna Danube (Great Plain)?
Duna PDO
- Csongrád PDO
- Hajós-Baja PDO
- Kunság PDO
— Izsáki Arany Sárfehér PDO
— Monor PDO
— Soltvadkerti PDO
Csongrád PDO
- Region
- Styles
- Grapes
- Additional regulations
Csongrád PDO
- Region: Danube/Great Plain (Duna)
Styles
- Fehér - white (dry to sweet)
- Rozé - rosé
- Vörös - red
Grapes
- Fehér: Chardonnay, Cserszegi Fűszeres, Ezerfürtű, Hárslevelű, Irsai Olivér, Kövidinka, Generosa, Olasz Rizling, Muscat Ottonel, Pozsonyi Fehér, Rajnai Rizling, Rizlingszilváni, Sauvignon Blanc, Szürkebarát, Tramini, Zöld Veltelini
- Rozé / Vörös: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Kadarka, Kékafrankos, Kékoportó, Pinot Noir and Zweigelt
Additional Requirements
- Barrique: Wine must be aged for a minimum 6 months in barrels no larger than 350 liters.
- Muskotály: Min 85% Cserszegi Fűszeres, Irsai Oliver, Muscat Ottonel, and Tramini
- Újbor: Nouveau Wine
Duna PDO
- Region
- Style
- Grapes
Duna PDO
- Region: Danube/Great Plain (Duna)
Style
- Fehér - white
- Rozé - rosé
- Siller - pale red
- Vörös - red
Grapes
- Fehér: Arany Sárfehér, Chardonnay, Csabagyöngye, Cserszegi Fűszeres, Ezerjó, Irsai Olivér, Karát, Királyleányka, Kövidinka, Leányka, Nektár, Olasz Rizling, Ottonel muskotály, Pinot Blanc, Rajnai Rizling, Rizlingszilváni, Sauvignon Blanc, Szürkebarát, Tramini, Zefír, Zöld Veltelíni
- Other Wines: Blauburger, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Hamburgi Muskotály, Kadarka, Kékfrankos, Kékoportó, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Zweigelt
Hajós-Baja PDO
- Region
- Style
Hajós-Baja PDO
- Region: Danube/Great Plain (Duna)
Style
- Pezsgő - Sparkling (white, red, rosé)
- Fehér - white (dry to semi-sweet)
- Prémium Fehér - white (dry to semi-sweet)
- Siller - pale red
- Rozé - rosé (no oak aging aromas/flavors allowed)
- Prémium Rozé - rosé (no oak aging aromas/flavors allowed)
- Vörös - red (no dominant oak aging aromas/flavors)
- Prémium Vörös - red (no dominant oak aging aromas/flavors)
- Késői szüretelésű - late harvest (white, red)
- Jégbor - ice wine (white, red)
- Pezsgő - sparkling (white, red)
- Gyöngyözőbor - Frizzante (White, Rosé, Red)
Izsáki Arany Sárfehér PDO
- Region
- Styles
- Grapes
Izsáki Arany Sárfehér PDO
- Region: Danube/Great Plain (Duna)
Style
- Fehér - white (dry to off-dry)
- Pezsgő - sparkling (white) - min 12 g/L RS
- Authorized Varieties: Arany Sárfehér (The grape is also known as Feher Kadarka, or Feher Muskotály, and while once thought to be a white mutation of Kadarka, this has been disproven by DNA profiling.)
Kunság PDO
- Region
- Style
Kunság PDO
- Region: Danube/Great Plain (Duna)
Style
- Fehér - white (dry to sweet)
- Rozé - rosé (dry to sweet)
- Siller - pale red (dry to sweet)
- Vörös - red (dry to sweet)
- Késői Szüretelésű - late harvest (red, white; dry to sweet)
- Válogatott Szüretelésű - late harvest, selected berries (red, white, rosé; dry to sweet)
- Töppedt Szőlőből - late harvest, shriveled berries (red, white; semi-sweet to sweet)
- Jégbor - icewine (red, white; sweet)
- Pezsgő - sparkling wine (red, white, rosé; dry to sweet; this wine may be produced by adding carbon dioxide, but it must indicate this on the label)
- Gyöngyözőbor - Frizzante (White, Rosé, Red)
Monor PDO
- Region
- Style
- Grapes
Monor PDO
- Region: Danube/Great Plain (Duna)
Style
- Fehér - white (dry to sweet)
- Rozé - rosé (dry to sweet)
- Vörös - red (dry to sweet)
Soltvadkerti PDO
- Region
- Style
Soltvadkerti PDO
- Region: Danube/Great Plain (Duna)
Style
- Fehér - white (dry to sweet)
- Töppedt Szőlőből Fehér- late harvest white from shriveled berries
- Pezsgő Fehér - sparkling white
List the regions ins Dunantul/Transdanubia
Badacsony PDO
Balatonboglár PDO
Balaton-felvidék PDO
- Káli PDO
- Sümeg PDO
Balatonfüred-Csopak PDO
- Csopak PDO
- Nivegy-völgy PDO
- Tihany PDO
Etyek-Buda PDO
- Etyeki Pezsgő PDO
Mór PDO
Nagy-Somló PDO
- Somlói PDO
Neszmély PDO
Pannon PDO
- Pécs PDO
- Szekszárd PDO
- Tolna PDO
- Villány PDO
Pannonhalma PDO
Sopron PDO
- Kőszeg PDO
Zala PDO
- Mura PDO
What is Szőlőhegy Névvel Megkülönböztetett Fehérbor?
Szőlőhegy Névvel Megkülönböztetett Fehérbor - White wine from a distinguished vineyard
Found in Badacsony PDO
What is Szőlőhegy Névvel Megkülönböztetett Fehérbor?
Szőlőhegy Névvel Megkülönböztetett Fehérbor - White wine from a distinguished vineyard
Found in Badacsony PDO
What is Kései Szüretelésű?
Kései Szüretelésű - late harvest wine
- Sopron PDO
- Badacsony PDO
What is Jégbor?
Jégbor - Icewine
- Zala PDO
- Pannonhalma PDO
- Mór PDO
- Kunság PDO
- Hajós-Baja PDO
- Badacsony PDO
- Zemplén PGI
What is Töppedt Szőlőből Készült?
Töppedt Szőlőből Készült - Late harvest, selected berries
- Kunság PDO
- Hajós-Baja PDO
- Badacsony PDO
- Soltvadkerti PDO
What is Töppedt Szőlőből Készült?
Töppedt Szőlőből Készült - Late harvest, selected berries
- Kunság PDO
- Hajós-Baja PDO
- Badacsony PDO
- Soltvadkerti PDO
Who do these terms mean…
Pezsgő?
Minőségi Pezsgő?
Illatos Minőségi Pezsgő?
Gyöngyözőbor?
Pezsgő - Sparkling (White, Rosé, Red; may be labeled “Termelői”)
Minőségi Pezsgő - Quality Sparkling (White, Rosé, Red; may be labeled “Termelői”)
Illatos Minőségi Pezsgő - Aromatic Quality Sparkling (White, Rosé, Red; may be labeled “Termelői”)
Gyöngyözőbor - Frizzante (White, Rosé, Red)
Who do these terms mean…
Pezsgő?
Minőségi Pezsgő?
Illatos Minőségi Pezsgő?
Gyöngyözőbor?
Pezsgő - Sparkling (White, Rosé, Red; may be labeled “Termelői”)
Minőségi Pezsgő - Quality Sparkling (White, Rosé, Red; may be labeled “Termelői”)
Illatos Minőségi Pezsgő - Aromatic Quality Sparkling (White, Rosé, Red; may be labeled “Termelői”)
Gyöngyözőbor - Frizzante (White, Rosé, Red)
What do these terms mean…
Fehér?
Rozé?
Vörös?
Fehér - White
Rozé - Rosé
Vörös - Red
What do these terms mean…
Hegybor?
Dűlős bor?
Hegybor - “Hill Wine”
- Nivegy-völgy PDO
- Csopak PDO
Dűlős bor - “Vineyard Wine”
- Nivegy-völgy PDO
- Csopak PDO
- Somlói PDO
- Nagy-Somló PDO
Etyeki Pezsgő PDO
- Village
- Style
- Grapes
Etyeki Pezsgő PDO
- Villages of Production: Etyek
Style
- Pezsgő Fehér - sparkling white
- Pezsgő Rozé - sparkling rosé
- Authorized Varieties: Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Szürkebarát, Pinot noir
- Minimum Aging: 24 months in bottle
What is Káli Királyi Főbor (Szamorodni)?
Káli Királyi Főbor (Szamorodni): Káli Royal Wine “as it comes.” Sweet wines affected by passerillage or botrytis.
Kali PDO
What is Főbor?
Főbor (Szamorodni) - (white and red) Sweet wines affected by passerillage or botrytis.
- Pannonhalma PDO
- Kali PDO
Sopron PDO
- Region
- Styles
- Grapes
Sopron PDO
- Region: Transdanubia (Dunántúl)
Style
- Fehér - white
- Rozé - rosé
- Siller - pale red
- Vörös - red
- Varietal-Labeled “Kékfrankos”
- Prémium (white, red, Kékfrankos)
- Kései Szüretelésű - late harvest wine
- Pezsgő - sparkling wine (red, white, rosé; minimum 3 bars of pressure)
- Gyöngyözőbor - Frizzante (white, rosé)
Located on the other side of Lake Nieusiederlee from Austria
What is Bikavér?
Bikavér - “bull’s blood”
- Szekszárd PDO (Dunatul)
– Bikavér must be a blend of at least 4 varieties, including a minimum 45% Kékfrankos and 5% Kadarka. Other grapes include Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Kékoportó, Merlot, Pinot Noir, and a maximum 10% combined Blauburger, Menoire, Syrah, Zweigelt, Bíborkadarka, Alibernet, Turán, Tannat, and Sagrantino - Eger PDO (North Hungary (Észak Magyarország))
– Bikavér: Bikavér must be a blend of at least 4 grape varieties, including 30-50% Kékfrankos. No single variety may be less than 5% or more than 50% of the total blend. Authorized varieties include Kékoportó, Kadarka, Blauburger, Zweigelt, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Menoire, Syrah, and a combined maximum 10% Turán and Bíborkadarka. “Superior” and “Grand Superior” wines allow a combined maximum of 30% Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc, a maximum of 5% Turán, and exclude Bíborkadarka.
What is Penta?
Penta fehér: Min. 85% Furmint and/or Italian Riesling with max. 15% Sárfehér, Chardonnay, Hárslevelű, Juhfark, and/or Kéknyelű
Penta rozé: Min. 85% Kékfrankos and/or Zweigelt with max. 15% Merlot, Pinot noir, Cabernet franc, and/or Furmint (max. 10% Furmint, red and white grapes must be blended prior to fermentation)
Penta vörös: Min. 85% Kékfrankos with max. 15% Merlot and/or Zweigelt
Sumeg PDO (Transdanubia (Dunántúl))
What regions use the term Classicus?
Villány PDO
Debrői Hárslevelű PDO
Eger PDO
What is Válogatott Szüretelésű Bor?
Válogatott Szüretelésű Bor - Special Harvest Selection
Zala PDO
What regions are in Észak Magyarország (Northern Massif)?
- Bükk PDO
- Eger PDO
– Debrői Hárslevelű PDO - Mátra PDO
- Tokaj PDO
Bükk PDO
- Region
- Style
- Grapes
Bükk PDO
- Region: North Hungary (Észak Magyarország)
Style
- Fehér - white
- Rozé - rosé
- Vörös - red
- Superior - white, red
- Minőségi Pezsgő - white, red
Grapes
- Fehér/Superior Fehér/Pesgö Fehér: Chardonnay, Cserszegi Fűszeres, Ezerfürtű, Furmint, Hárslevelű, Irsai Olivér, Királyleányka, Leányka, Olasz rizling, Ottonel Muskotály, Pinot Blanc, Rajnai Rizling, Rizlingszilváni, Sárga Muskotály, Sauvignon, Szürkebarát, Tramini, Zenit, Zengő, Zöld Veltelíni
- Rozé / Pesgö Rozé: Bíborkadarka, Blauburger, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Kékfrankos, Kékoportó, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Turán, Zweigelt
- Vörös / Superior Vörös: Bíborkadarka, Blauburger, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Kadarka, Kékfrankos, Kékoportó, Menoire, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Turán, Zweigelt
Debrői Hárslevelű PDO
- Region
- Styles
- Grapes
Debrői Hárslevelű PDO
- Region: North Hungary (Észak Magyarország)
Styles
- Classicus
- Superior (white wines in dry to sweet styles)
- Késői szüretelésű
Grapes
- min. 85% Hárslevelű with Chardonnay, Cserszegi fűszeres, Irsai Olivér, Királyleányka, Leányka, Olasz rizling, Ottonel muskotály, Pinot blanc, Rajnai rizling, Sárga muskotály, Sauvignon, Szürkebarát, Tramini, Zenit
Eger PDO
- Region
- Styles
Eger PDO
- Region: North Hungary (Észak Magyarország)
Styles
- Bikavér - “bull’s blood” (Classicus, Superior, Grand superior):
- Muskotály (Muscat)
- Fehér - white (Classicus, Superior, Grand superior)
- Csillag - “Star” (Classicus, Superior, Grand superior
- Rozé - rosé
- Vörös - red (Classicus, Superior, Grand superior)
- Superior késői szüretelésű bor - Late harvest wine - white, rose or red.
- Superior and Grand superior must meet the heightened alcohol levels and other requirements specified below.
Eger PDO
- Region
- Styles
Eger PDO
- Region: North Hungary (Észak Magyarország)
Styles
- Bikavér - “bull’s blood” (Classicus, Superior, Grand superior):
- Muskotály (Muscat)
- Fehér - white (Classicus, Superior, Grand superior)
- Csillag - “Star” (Classicus, Superior, Grand superior
- Rozé - rosé
- Vörös - red (Classicus, Superior, Grand superior)
- Superior késői szüretelésű bor - Late harvest wine - white, rose or red.
- Superior and Grand superior must meet the heightened alcohol levels and other requirements specified below.
Mátra PDO
- Region
- Styles
Mátra PDO
- Region: North Hungary (Észak Magyarország)
Styles
- Muskotály
- Fehér - white
- Superior Fehér - superior white
- Rozé - rosé
- Siller - pale red
- Vörös - red
- Superior Vörös - superior red
- Késői szüretelésű bor - late harvest
- Gyöngyözőbor - Frizzante (White, Rosé, Red)
Tokaj PDO
- Region
- Style
- Grapes
Tokaj PDO
- Region: North Hungary (Észak Magyarország)
Style
- Eszencia
- Aszúeszencia - technically abolished from the 2013 vintage forward. A producer may still choose to include an indication of puttonyos on the label, where wines with > 120 g/L residual sugar may be labeled as 3, 4, or 5 puttonyos and those with > 150 g/L residual sugar may be labeled 6 puttonyos.
- Aszú - added in 2013
- Aszú 3/4/5/6 puttonyos - technically abolished from the 2013 vintage forward. A producer may still choose to include an indication of puttonyos on the label, where wines with > 120 g/L residual sugar may be labeled as 3, 4, or 5 puttonyos and those with > 150 g/L residual sugar may be labeled 6 puttonyos.
- Szamorodni (száraz or édes) - dry or sweet
- Fordítás
- Máslás
- Késői szüretelésű bor - late harvest wines
- Fehér bor - white table wines
- Pezsgő - sparkling wines
Authorized Varieties: Furmint, Hárslevelű, Kabar, Kövérszőlő, Sárgamuskotály, Zéta
What Csillag and where is it made?
Eger PDO
- This white blend, like Bikavér, is named after historic events in the region. Egri Csillag, which can be translated as ‘Star of Eger’, is named for the lights emanating from the watchmen’s huts which stood on the northeastern borders of the city during the Turkish occupation of Hungary in the 16th and 17th centuries. These lookouts marked the trade route leading north from the Great Plain to the Bükk Hills. The watchmen lit torches at night to help travelers find their way, thus guaranteeing safe passage through these dangerous lands. Word soon spread about these ‘stars of Eger’.
- Csillag must be a blend of at least 4 grape varieties. No single variety may be less than 5% or more than 50% of the total blend. A minimum of 50% of the blend must include Cserszegi fűszeres, Ezerfürtű, Furmint, Gyöngyrizling , Hárslevelű, Irsai Olivér, Juhfark, Kabar, Királyleányka, Leányka, Mátrai muskotály, Mézes, Olaszrizling, Zefír, Zenit, Zengő. For Classicus and Superior, Cserszegi fűszeres, Gyöngyrizling, Irsai Olivér, Mátrai muskotály, Ottonel muskotály, Sárga muskotály és a Zefír may contribute a combined maximum of 30% to the blend, but they are not permitted for Grand Superior Csillag.
What is the minimum potential alcohol, minimum actual alcohol and minimum RS for each style of Tokaj?
What styles were removed and added in 2013 to Tokaji PDO
Added
- Aszú
Removed (technically)
- Aszúeszencia
- Aszú 3/4/5/6 puttonyos
- These categories were technically abolished from the 2013 vintage forward. A producer may still choose to include an indication of puttonyos on the label, where wines with > 120 g/L residual sugar may be labeled as 3, 4, or 5 puttonyos and those with > 150 g/L residual sugar may be labeled 6 puttonyos.
What are the sparkling wine requirements in Tokaji?
Sparkling Wine Requirements:
- Base Wine Minimum Potential Alcohol: 9%
- Minimum Actual Alcohol: 10%
- Minimum Pressure: 3.5 bars
What are the aging requirements for Tokaji?
Aging Requirements:
- Aszú wines may not be released prior to January 1 of the third year after harvest. - They must be aged in barrel for at least 18 months.
- Szamorodni, Máslás and Fordítás wines must be aged for a minimum of 6 months in barrel.
What are the “other” requirements for Tokaji?
Other Requirements:
- A maximum of 220L of finished Aszú or Fordítás wine can be made from 100 kg of aszú berries or paste.
- Enrichment, sweetening, and bottling outside of the Tokaj PDO region are banned for all wine styles bearing the name Tokaji as of 2014. (formerly banned for only Eszencia, Aszú, Szamorodni, Fordítás and Máslás)
- Puttonyos labeling is permitted for marketing purposes only
What are the “other” requirements for Tokaji?
Other Requirements:
- A maximum of 220L of finished Aszú or Fordítás wine can be made from 100 kg of aszú berries or paste.
- Enrichment, sweetening, and bottling outside of the Tokaj PDO region are banned for all wine styles bearing the name Tokaji as of 2014. (formerly banned for only Eszencia, Aszú, Szamorodni, Fordítás and Máslás)
- Puttonyos labeling is permitted for marketing purposes only
Where are the vineyards in Nagy-Somlo and Somlo PDO located?
Located on the slopes of extinct Somlo Volcano
When was Tokaj first classified?
Transylvanian Prince Rakoczy delimited 28 villages in Tokaj
Tokaj was like classified in 1730 and finalized in 1772
Conclusive evidence of this event doesn’t exist
When was Tokaj first classified?
Transylvanian Prince Rakoczy delimited 28 villages in Tokaj
Tokaj was like classified in 1730 and finalized in 1772
Conclusive evidence of this event doesn’t exist
When were Aszu wines first made in Tokaj?
Aszu wines, wines made from botrytis grapes appear in published works from 1571
Szepsi Laczko Mate produced botrytis affect wine by the mid 16th century
Aszu wine predate Germany’s and Sauternes
What is Circle of Mad
Circle of Mad
- Founded by Istvan Szepsy, a key figure in the establishments of Hugh Johnson’s Royal Tokaji Company and Kiralyudvar
- A small contingent of producers committed to elevating the stature of dry wines in the region
When did Tokaj become a protected name?
Tokaj won protection of the term “Tokaj” or derivatives like “Tokay, tocai”
- Alsace produces called Pinot Gris, Tokay d’Alsace
- Italian producers called Friulano, Tocai Friulano
What riveres run through Tokaj?
What mountains protect it?
- The town of Tokaj is located in the northeast corner of Hungary where the Tisza and Bodrog Rivers converge
- Sheltered by the Carpathian Mountain Range
What are the main grapes used for Tokaji?
Primary
- Furmint
– Highly susceptible to botrytis
– Natural high acidity
- Harslevelu
Secondary
- Sargamuskotaly - Muscat blanc a Petit Grains
- Zeta - Oremus
- Kabar
- Koverszolo
What were the traditional baskets for Tokaji grapes called?
Puttony
- Traditional basket used for harvest Aszu grapes
- 25 kg
- Puttonyos is an adjective used to the level off sweetness in the wine
What is the name and size of a traditional Tokaj barrel?
Gonc - Hungarian cask of 136L
How is Tokaji Aszu amde made?
Botrytis effected grapes are handpicked and placed in Puttony
Grapes are trampled or ground into a paste
Paste is added to Gonc filled with base wine from non-aszu grapes
What are the requirements for Aszu?
Aszu
- Min 18 month in barrel
- Min 120 g/L RS
- Min 9% Alcohol
What is Esszencia?
Esszencia
- AKA Natúresszencia
- Free-run juice that trickles from aszu must
- Vinified separately
- Incredibly sweet and expensive
- Can take decades to reach to 4-6% alcohol
- Min 450 g/L RS
What is Szamorodni?
Szamorodni
- Translates to “as it comes”
- Produced from a mixture of aszu and non-aszu grapes
- Min 2 years oak
- Sometimes forms a yeast layer similar to flor
- Edes - Sweet
- Szaras - Dry
What is Forditas?
Forditas
- Refermented wine with the pressed paste of Tokaji Aszu
What is Maslas?
Maslas
Refermented wine with the spent lees of Tokaji Aszu
How are Tokaji vineyards classified?
- Vineyards from Rakoczy Classification are ranked into 1st, 2nd, 3rd growth
- 74 1st Growth
- Great First Growths
– Szarvas - Tokaj Commune
– Mezes Maly - Tarcal Commune
Who is this producer?
Royal Tokaji Essencia, Tokaj
- Varietal Composition: Furmint, Hárslevelű, Yellow Muscat
- Production (in cases): 1,386 bottles (375ml)
Who is this producer?
Royal Tokaji
Mézes Mály, 6 Puttonyos, Tokaj
How is sweetness measured in Tokaji?
Sweetness of the paste is measured in puttony
- Number of puttony added to a gonc determine the final sweetness of the Tokaji Aszu Wine
- Tokaji was labeled with 3-6 puttonyos until 2013 when this was eliminated
- Today, Tokaj is labeled as Aszu
– Producers may choose to put 3,4 or 5 Puttonyos on labels with 120 g/L RS or more
– Producers may choose to put 6 Puttonyos on labels with 150 g/L RS or more
Who is this producer?
Királyudvar
Aszú 6 Puttonyos “Lapis Vineyard”
Who is this producer?
Oremus
‘Mandolas’ Tokaji Dry, Tokaj, Hungary
Who is this producer?
Crown Estates of Hungary
Aszu 6 Puttonyos Szarvas
