hundred days Flashcards
What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna, and which monarchy was restored in France?
The Congress of Vienna began to settle the Napoleonic Wars, restoring the Bourbon monarchy under Louis XVIII.
Why did Napoleon decide to return to France in March 1815?
Seeing unrest in France and allied disagreements, Napoleon returned on 1st March 1815 with 1,000 men
How did Marshal Ney and his troops respond when ordered to arrest Napoleon?
Marshal Ney’s troops refused to arrest Napoleon and instead joined him as he advanced to Paris, causing Louis XVIII to flee.
What constitution did Napoleon introduce after regaining power, and what peace terms did he accept?
By 20th March, Napoleon regained power with 140,000 men and a 200,000 reserve, promising a liberal constitution (Acte Additionnel) and peace under the 1789 frontiers.
How did the allies respond to Napoleon’s return, and how many troops did they raise against him?
The allies, supporting Louis XVIII, reformed the Treaty of Chaumont and raised 650,000 troops against Napoleon.
What was Napoleon’s military strategy to secure his position, and where did he decide to invade?
Napoleon aimed for a quick military victory, invading Belgium to attack weak Dutch and British forces.
What happened during the Battle of Waterloo, and why did Napoleon lose?
During the Battle of Waterloo (18th June 1815), Napoleon failed to break Wellington’s defences before Prussian reinforcements arrived, as Grouchy failed to intercept them.
How did Napoleon lose power after returning to Paris on 21st June 1815?
Napoleon returned to Paris on 21st June but lost political support, leading to his second abdication on 22nd June 1815.
Where was Napoleon exiled after his second abdication, and when did he die?
Attempting to escape to the USA, Napoleon was intercepted by the British and exiled to St. Helena, where he died in 1821.
