Humerus

Question 1

lesser tubercle muscle attachments

Answer 1

final rotator cuff muscle - subscapularis

Question 2

intertubercular sulcus muscle attachment

Answer 2

tendon of long head of biceps brachii

Question 3

muscle attachment to lip (edge) of intertubercular groove

Answer 3

tendons of: pectoralis major, teres major, latissimus dorsi

Question 4

surgical neck fracture

Answer 4

direct blow to area / falling on outstretched hand
axillary nerve + posterior circumflex humeral artery
paralysis of deltoid + teres minor - pt can’t ABduct arm
regimental badge sensation area

Question 5

2 bony landmarks of the shaft of humerus

Answer 5

deltoid tuberosity + radial groove

Question 6

deltoid tuberosity

Answer 6

lateral humeral shaft roughened site for muscle attachment

Question 7

Radial groove

Answer 7

shallow groove diagonally down
posterior surface
parallel to deltoid tuberosity
radial nerve + profunda brachii artery

Question 8

Name muscles attached to humerus

Answer 8

anterior: coracobrachialis, brachialis, brachioradialis, deltoid
posterior: medial + lateral head of triceps

Question 9

mid-shaft fracture

Answer 9

damage radial nerve + profunda brachii artery (both tightly around radial groove)
extensors of wrist paralysed - unopposed flexion (radial nerve damage) ‘wrist drop’
sensory lost: dorsal later 3 1/2 fingers

Question 10

greater tubercle muscle attachments

Answer 10

3 rotator cuff muscles: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

Question 11

What does the lateral epicondyle attach to?

Answer 11

extensor muscles (origins)

Question 12

what can be pulpated from the medial epicondyle?

Answer 12

the ulnar nerve along the posterior side of the medial epicondyle - ‘funny bone’

Question 13

which part of the humerus articulates with the ulna?

Answer 13

trochea - medial side

Question 14

which part of the humerus articulates with the radius?

Answer 14

capitulum - lateral

Question 15

aside from the trochlea and the capitulum, what is also found in the distal portion of the humerus? what are their functions?

Answer 15

3 depressions: coronoid, radial, olecrannon fossae
accommodate forearm bones during movement at elbow

coronoid fossa: anterior medial
radial fossa: anterior lateral
olecrannon fossa: posterior fossa

Question 16

distal humeral fracture - supracondylar fracture

Answer 16

falling on flexed elbows - transverse fracture (spans across both 2 epicondyles)

Question 17

distal humeral fracture - direct damage

Answer 17

swelling and cutting off blood supply to forearm from damage to brachial artery (branches to radial and ulna) - results in ischaemia

Question 18

ischaemia from distal humeral fracture

Answer 18

Volkmann’s ischaemic contracture
uncontrolled flexion of hand as flexors become short + fibrotic
can also be damage to medial (anterior forearm), ulna (hand) and radial (posterior forearm) nerves

Question 19

medial epicondyle fracture

Answer 19

damage ulnar nerve (posterior medial epicondyle) –> ulnar claw - can’t extend medial 1 1/2 fingers
loss of sensation of medial 1 1/2 fingers: palmar + dorsal surfaces