Humans as Organisms 1 Flashcards
What is the role of carbohydrates in the body?
Provide a quick form of energy
What is the role of protein in the body?
Growth, building and repairing body tissues and muscles
What is the role of fats in the body?
Provides a store of energy and insulation from the cold
What is the role of vitamin A in the body?
Important for your eyesight
What is the role of vitamin D in the body?
important to help you have strong bones and teeth
Why is Iron important in the body?
To stop you feeling tired and help make your red blood cells
Why is calcium important in the body?
For strong bones and teeth
Why is fibre important in your body?
It helps your digestion
What disease can you get if you dont have enough vitamin C?
Scurvy
What disease can you get if you dont have enough vitamin D?
Rickets
What disease can you get if you dont have enough Iron?
Anaemia
What disease can you get if you dont have enough protein?
Kwashiorkor
What is anorexia?
When you dont eat enough food and become too skinny
What is obesity?
when you eat too much food and become too fat
What is digestion?
When you break down the big molecules in food into smaller molecules which your body can absorb
Why is digestion important?
The large molecules of food are insoluble and need to be made into smaller molecules which are soluble
What does insoluble mean?
It cant dissolve in water
What does soluble mean?
It can dissolve in water
Where do the small molecules of food get absorbed in the body and where do they go?
They are absorbed in the small intestine lining and go into the blood
Where is saliva produced?
In the mouth
What is faeces?
Poo - undigested food that is removed from the body
Where is faeces excreted / egested (removed from the body)?
The anus
How does food go from the mouth to the stomach?
It goes through the oesophagus
Where is water removed from undigested food?
The large intestine
Which digestive organ has a strong acid inside it?
The stomach
Where is faeces stored?
In the rectum
What does liver do?
produces bile which you need for digestion
What does the gallbladder do?
It stores bile
What do the small intestines do?
Digest and absorb nutrients from food
What does the pancreas do?
Produces enzymes which help break down the large molecules into smaller ones which can be absorbed
What does the stomach do?
It is the start of chemical digestion with enzymes
What are enzymes?
they are biological catalysts - they can speed up reactions in a cell
What shape are enzymes?
Each enzyme is a specific shape and they can also fit a specific molecule and work on them
What enzyme breaks down starch and carbohydrates?
amylase
What enzyme breaks down protein?
protease
What enzyme breaks down lipids (fats)?
lipase
How can you test for proteins?
Sodium hydroxide turns purple
How can you test for sugars?
benedicts solution turns red
How can you test for lipids?
Ethanol test goes milky white
How can you test for starch?
Iodine test turns black
How well does a human enzyme work at 10 degrees? why?
Not very well because they are cold and can’t move very quickly to help the reaction
How well does a human enzyme work at 70 degrees? why?
It won’t work at all because it is too hot and the enzymes have broken and become denatured so they can’t help the reaction
What temperature do human enzymes work best at? what is this called?
It is very long, has a good blood supply and large surface area
What temperature do human enzymes work best at? what is this called?
They workbes t at body temperature - 37 degrees this is called the optimum temperature
What are the two roles of bile?
- Neutralises the stomach acid
- Breaks the fat droplets in smaller droplets to make it easier to digest
What are the 7 food groups?
Carbohydrates, protein, lipids, vitamins, minerals, fibre, water
Examples of carbohydrates
breads, pasta, potatoes, cereal
Examples of Proteins
meats, beans, fish, eggs,
Examples of foods with lipids (fats)?
Oil, dairy, nuts
Examples of vitamins?
A, B, C, D, E, K
Examples of minerals?
calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium
Which foods are digested in the stomach?
Proteins
