Humanities Unit 2 - Identify and Define

Question 1

Tyranny

Answer 1

A government in which a single ruler is vested with absolute power.

Question 2

Acropolis

Answer 2

A city that is built on a hill so that it can be easily defended.

Question 3

Pathos

Answer 3

Emotion of a person or being (appeal to emotion)

Question 4

Ethos

Answer 4

the idea or essence of a person or being

Question 5

cynicism

Answer 5

The belief that materialism is wrong and one must involve oneself in the material world as little as possible

Question 6

stoicism

Answer 6

the belief that one can only control oneself. Stoicism also promoted the idea that universal reason exists in all people.

Question 7

epicureanism

Answer 7

the belief that pleasure is the highest good (everything in moderation.)

Question 8

oligarchy

Answer 8

a form of power structure in which power effectively rests with a small number of people.

Question 9

Herodotus

Answer 9

Known as the father of History, Herodotus

Question 10

Tragic Hero

Answer 10

Of a high position, neither good nor bad who has a tragic flaw leading to a tragic downfall and ultimately learns from his mistake.

Question 11

Alcibiades

Answer 11

Athenian leader during the Peloponnesian War. He directed Athenian men to meddle in Sicily which ended up costing them 200 ships and 40,000 men.

Question 12

Socratic Method

Answer 12

A style of teaching invented by Socrates. The method involves a teacher asking students questions, the students answering those questions and the teacher refuting or correcting the answers.

Question 13

Ictinus

Answer 13

Ictinus was a Greek architect. He is credited with being one of the co-architects of the Parthenon.

Question 14

Myron

Answer 14

a Greek sculptor. He is best known for sculpting the famous statue Discus Thrower.

Question 15

Phidias

Answer 15

Phidias was a greek sculptor and architect. He is best known for his statue of Athena.

Question 16

Polyclitus

Answer 16

Polyclitus was a Greek sculptor. He is best known for his statue Spear Bearer.

Question 17

façade

Answer 17

the front of a building

Question 18

colonnade

Answer 18

the colonnade consists of the series of columns that are erected around a building.

Question 19

antiquarianism

Answer 19

study or love of antiquity, scholarly works instead of fiction, book learning rather than inspiration.

Question 20

mosaic

Answer 20

an artistic composition, usually used for flooring, which was created by using small cubes of stone called tesserae which are then set in cement.

Question 21

Rosetta Stone

Answer 21

A stone found in 1799 recording the reign of Ptolomy and written in hyrogliphics, egyptian cursive script and Greek

Question 22

Winged Victory

Answer 22

A statue of Nike striding into victory

Question 23

Sappho

Answer 23

A Greek poet from Lesbos who expressed in her poems love for the women around her.

Question 24

Areopagus

Answer 24

A prestigious governing council of ancient Athens

Question 25

ostracism

Answer 25

A political technique of ancient Greece by which people believed to be threats to the city-state were chosen for exile by popular vote

Question 26

Helots

Answer 26

Selfs in ancient Sparta

Question 27

Hellenic

Answer 27

The period in Greek history between the 4th and 1st century.

Question 28

Marathon

Answer 28

the battle of Marathon in 490 BC, in which the heavily outnumbered Athenian army defeated the Persians.

Question 29

Delian League

Answer 29

A confederation of Aegean islands centered around a large fleet paid for by all to protect them all. Athens was the strongest member and began to dominate.

Question 30

Golden Age

Answer 30

The Golden Age of Greece was the fifth century BC in which there was a growth of philosophy, art and politics.

Question 31

Dyonisus (related to drama)

Answer 31

Dyonisis was the Greek god of wine and revelry. Greek drama most likely began as choruses that were performed in honor of him

Question 32

Thespis

Answer 32

The first known actor in Greek drama, he lived in the 6th century BC.

Question 33

Prologue

Answer 33

The part of the play that sets the scene and outlines the plot

Question 34

epilogue

Answer 34

the end or afterstory of the play

Question 35

deus ex machina

Answer 35

the solving of seemingly unsolvable problems by divine intervention.

Question 36

katharsis

Answer 36

the climax of the play in which pity and fear are wrong from the audience.

Question 37

Name their most famous work: Aeschylus

Answer 37

The Orestia

Question 38

Name their most famous work: Sophocles

Answer 38

Oedipus the King, Antigone

Question 39

Name their most famous work: Euripides

Answer 39

The Bacchae

Question 40

Name their most famous work: Aristotle

Answer 40

On Poetics

Question 41

Aristotle's 6 Elements

Answer 41

Plot, character, thought, diction, song, spectacle

Question 42

Humanism

Answer 42

Man is the measure of all things

Question 43

Idealism

Answer 43

The representation of something as it should be — the perfect form

Question 44

Rationalism

Answer 44

The value of reason above all.

Question 45

The three time divisions of Ancient Greece

Answer 45

Archaic (8th-6th c), Classical (5th), Hellenistic

Question 46

The three major architectural orders

Answer 46

Doric, Ionic, Corinthian

Question 47

Three places for statues

Answer 47

Inside, On the friezes, on the pediment

Question 48

Greek general Miltiades defeated the Persian army here in 490 B.C.E. during the first Persian War. This victory spared Athens for a decade from the burning wrath of the Persians.

Answer 48

Marathon

Question 49

He was raised in Pericles' house and was a talented leader. But his love for the ladies and excessive ambition led him at various times to help Sparta against Athens and to flee to the Persians for protection. He returned to Athens to try and help defeat Sparta at the end of the Peloponnesian Wars.

Answer 49

Alcibiades

Question 50

The first Greek philosopher, he promoted rational inquiry into the world without using the gods to explain how things came to be. His proposal that the earth emerged out of water was similar to the view of the Greek myths, but he explained it by natural causes, rather than as the action of the gods.

Answer 50

Thales

Question 51

Greek statesman who in 621 B.C.E. produced the first written code of Athenian law. It was thought that the penalties his laws imposed were a bit harsh

Answer 51

Draco

Question 52

Farmer and author who around 700 penned Works and Days, a detailed description of the life of the Greek farmers, honoring their arduous labors.

Answer 52

Hesiod

Question 53

Citizen/farmer/soldiers in Athens who with shield and spear would fight in close-order ranks; these small landowners were the majority of Athens' citizens.

Answer 53

hoplites

Question 54

The basic political unit of ancient Greece, it usually included a fortress (an acropolis) and included the villages and farm-land that surrounded a city.

Answer 54

polis

Question 55

The "Scene House" of a Greek theater -- it is the building oset used as the backdrop for the play and as a means for actors to enter and exit the stage.

Answer 55

skene

Question 56

Promoter of the philosophy of "atomism," the assertion that all reality is made up of tiny, unchanging particles (atoms) that are continually moving about and being combined and recombined into the things that our senses perceive. Because all things are made of this kind of material, even mind is a material thing.

Answer 56

Democritus

Question 57

The first building one would enter after climbing the Acropolis in Athens, the entryway to the sacred precincts on the Acropolis. It was built of both Doric and Ionic columns, stressing the unity of the Dorian Greeks of the mainland and the Ionian Greeks of the islands.

Answer 57

Propylaea