Humanities Medici Family

Question 1

Monks hired by the Pazzi killed Guiliano by shooting him to death.

Answer 1

false

Question 2

Lorenzo de Medici married Clarice Orsini because she was beautiful and he was in love with her.

Answer 2

false

Question 3

When Lorenzo returned to Florence, he was named “Il Magnifico” and asked to take over the government of Florence; he agreed.

Answer 3

false

Question 4

For 20 years, the Florentines benefited from Lorenzo’s public generosity, his “spending virtuously” on buildings, art, festivals, and entertainments.

Answer 4

true

Question 5

Lorenzo established the first art school in Florence.

Answer 5

true

Question 6

Botticelli’s paintings like The Birth of Venus are religious rather than humanistic.

Answer 6

false

Question 7

Six years after his fundamentalist backlash against the Renaissance and Lorenzo de Medici, Savonarola was excommunicated, tortured, chained, hanged, and burned. Florence had turned against the prophet after suffering years of plague, war, and starvation.

Answer 7

true

Question 8

Girolamo Savonarola was a Dominican priest who worked for Lorenzo.

Answer 8

false

Question 9

Savonarola believed that nude paintings and non-religious art were evil.

Answer 9

true

Question 10

Savonarola believed that nude paintings and non-religious art were evil.

Answer 10

false

Question 11

The system of patronage used by the Medici family to operate Florence and Tuscany, in which people are personally loyal to a family that looks out for them in return, was similar to the system used by the Mafia to control Southern Italy.

Answer 11

true

Question 12

All of the artists that the Ninja turtles were named after (Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael, Donatello) worked for the Medici family.

Answer 12

true

Question 13

The Pazzi, a rival banking family, tried to have Lorenzo and his sister killed Easter Sunday 1478 in the Florentine cathedral.

Answer 13

false

Question 14

The Pazzi were killed or run out of Florence, but Pope Sixtus sent an army against Florence to avenge the death of his relatives.

Answer 14

true

Question 15

The frescoes in the chapel of the Medici Palace advertised the family’s power.

Answer 15

true

Question 16

The current pope, Pope Sixtus, was in on the plot against the Medici.

Answer 16

true

Question 17

Lorenzo survived, and his supporters hanged the conspirators, including two relatives of the pope from the government building windows.

Answer 17

true

Question 18

Lorenzo de Medici ruled Florence through influence rather than by law or elected position.

Answer 18

true

Question 19

Lorenzo visited his enemies in Naples alone, bribed them, and defeated the Pope’s attempts to destroy Florence.

Answer 19

true

Question 20

In the “Bonfires of the Vanities,” Savonarola and his followers burned books, makeup, clothes, wigs, art, and jewelry.

Answer 20

true

Question 21

Eventually Botticelli either changed his mind about what subjects are appropriate for his own paintings or he feared the repercussions his art might bring because he threw some of his own paintings on Savonarola’s “Bonfire of the Vanities.”

Answer 21

true

Question 22

When Lorenzo died in 1492, Savonarola forgave him on his deathbed.

Answer 22

false

Question 23

After Lorenzo’s death, Savonarola gained control of the city; his bands of “skinhead” teens roamed the city beating up prostitutes, burning homosexuals, and harassing anyone wearing jewelry, makeup, or elaborate clothes as well as anyone still owning dice or cards

Answer 23

true

Question 24

When Lorenzo’s banks began to fail, the ‘amici delle amici’ (friends of friends) system of influence began to break down because there weren’t enough personal favors to go around.

Answer 24

true

Question 25

The Renaissance begins when Cosimo de Medici and his friends search Europe for ____________. Simply reading pagan authors like Socrates and Plato was punishable by excommunication from the church.

Answer 25

classical manuscripts

Question 26

Popes could excommunicate (throw from the church and damn forever) Christians guilty of _________, which was believing anything other than what the church preached.

Answer 26

heresy

Question 27

____________, who built the dome of the Florence Cathedral, was both architect and engineer.

Answer 27

Brunelleschi

Question 28

BRUNELLESCHI used __________ as supports for first time in 1000 years, creating a revolution in architecture.

Answer 28

arches

Question 29

Florentines came to watch the construction of the dome. One of the things that amazed them was Brunelleschi's use of the classical orders of ________, which hadn't been used since the fall of Rome.

Answer 29

columns

Question 30

Although Brunelleschi examined the construction of the dome of the Roman Pantheon, he couldn't use the same techniques because of the size of the dome and because the recipe for making _______ had been lost.

Answer 30

concrete

Question 31

Brunelleschi also devised a way to alter the ________ on pulleys so the oxen could pull the 1700-pound sandstone beams 250 feet into the air and return them to the ground without changing direction.

Answer 31

gears

Question 32

Brunelleschi personally lay some of the_________ on the dome because what he proposed was so revolutionary that the brick masons were afraid the technique would fail and they would die.

Answer 32

bricks

Question 33

Cosimo's patronage of Brunelleschi helped the Medici family gain _________ and __________.

Answer 33

power; prestige

Question 34

The _________ banking family, who resented the power of the Medici, had _____________ arrested.

Answer 34

Albizzi; Cosimo

Question 35

Brunelleschi was jailed and forced to stop work on Il Duomo (the dome) when his patron was found guilty of treason against ____________.

Answer 35

florence

Question 36

Cosimo escaped from the tower that was his prison by ________ the guards.

Answer 36

bribling

Question 37

When Cosimo was finally asked to return to Florence, he had even more power and prestige. The Medici banks became the most important banks in Europe as they collected money for the __________.

Answer 37

pope

Question 38

Cosimo de Medici's patronage of Baldesari Cossa paid off when Cosa became Pope __________________.

Answer 38

JOhn XXIII

Question 39

Marcello Fantoni: "Patronage is great for the production of art but totally irrational from an economic view. ____________ is a political strategy... high political competition.

Answer 39

patronage

Question 40

Florence was proud to be the only __________ in Europe; but the government was often corrupt.

Answer 40

republic

Question 41

Seventy percent of all Renaissance ________ lived and worked in Florence

Answer 41

artists

Question 42

Brunelleschi also invented linear _____________. According to Jeremy Brotton, this invention changed the way we see, creating a modern way of looking at the world.

Answer 42

perspective

Question 43

The bronze sculpture of David by ________ was the first free-standing statue created since ancient Rome.

Answer 43

donatello

Question 44

Once Il Duomo was finished, Cosimo organized the _____________ of Florence, which brought people from all over the world to his city; included were scholars who knew and could translate Greek the ancient Greek tests the Cosimo and his friends had been searching for.

Answer 44

general council

Question 45

When Cosimo died in 1464, the Florentines declared him __________________, father of the fatherland.

Answer 45

Pater Patriae

Question 46

Alessandro, Duke of Florence and illegitimate son of a pope, is murdered in his bed by Florentines who are sick of being under the thumb of the Medici. The Florentine Signoria elects Cosimo, a 17 year old cousin, to succeed the murdered duke because they believe they can control him.

Answer 46

power

Question 47

Cosimo, abolishes the Signoria, becomes de3 facto king of Florence and Tuscany, and being basically uneducated, begins to train himself to be both a warrior and a politician.

Answer 47

power

Question 48

The new pope hires an artist laughingly referred to as Braggatoni ("large underpants man") to cover up the privates of the nudes in Michelangelo's painting The Last Judgment.

Answer 48

truth

Question 49

Michelangelo dies after living in Rome for the last 30 years of his life to avoid the Medici.

Answer 49

truth

Question 50

The Florentine government steals Michelangelo's body and sneaks it back to Florence for a huge burial, claiming him as the greatest of Florentine artists.

Answer 50

power

Question 51

Cosimo II marries a Spanish aristocrat who brings him important allies, then conquers the territory between Florence and the coast and builds a navy.

Answer 51

power

Question 52

Vasari and Cosimo fix the arm of Michelangelo's David that had been broken during the Savonarola Frenzy.

Answer 52

truth

Question 53

Vasari and Cosimo form an alliance to promote the Medici family and the arts: Vasari paints frescoes with the Medici insignia all over Florence and helps Cosimo form a new art school.

Answer 53

power

Question 54

In his book Lives of the Artists, Vasari states that the world had been dark for 1000 years, until the renasciamento, rebirth, or renaissance occurred in Florence under the Medici.

Answer 54

truth

Question 55

Cosimo's wife buys the Pizzi Palace, a fortress, because the Medici Palace is not impressive or large enough.

Answer 55

power

Question 56

Cosimo must pay 300 bodyguards to protect himself and his family.

Answer 56

power

Question 57

Cosimo appoints Vasari to build the Uffizi Palace, centralizing all of the offices and providing protection from assassins.

Answer 57

power

Question 58

Following the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church faces a growing clamor for individual freedom from the dictates of the church. As a response, the church begins the Counter Reformation, including the Inquisition, in an attempt to salvage its power and make people obedient.

Answer 58

power

Question 59

The Inquisition bans 583 heretical works, many of which are in Cosimo's library; Cosimo organizes a token public book burning when the Inquisition comes to Florence.

Answer 59

truth

Question 60

Galileo invents the astronomical telescope and discovers sun spots, the weird shape of Saturn, the Milky Way, the moons of Jupiter and demonstrates that Copernicus is right: the earth revolves around the sun not the sun around the earth. He also discovers the law of buoyancy and establishes the basis for Newton's theory of gravity.

Answer 60

truth

Question 61

A priest named Giordano Bruno publishes his theory that the universe is infinite.

Answer 61

truth

Question 62

Bruno is burned at the stake for his scientific beliefs.

Answer 62

truth

Question 63

Galileo publishes his heliocentric theory as a dialogue between two friends because his theory contradicts the Bible and church doc trine, The book becomes very popular, the first book of popular science

Answer 63

truth

Question 64

Galileo is summoned to the Inquisition and threatene3d with excommunication and death if he does not deny Copernicus's theory that the earth revolves around the sun.

Answer 64

power

Question 65

The pope tells the Duke of Florence to stay out of the controversy with Galileo, that it will not help Galileo and will hurt the dukedom. Duke Ferdinand II stops financially supporting Galileo.

Answer 65

truth

Question 66

Galileo has to deny the truth to avoid torture and save his life.

Answer 66

truth

Question 67

Galileo is sentenced to house arrest for the rest of his life. When he dies, the church refuses to let the Florentines have a big funeral for him.

Answer 67

power

Question 68

In 1992, the Catholic Church finally restores Galileo's good name.

Answer 68

truth

Question 69

August 23, 1572, Catherine de Medici, Queen Mother of France, has the gates of Paris locked and thousands of French Huguenot Protestants killed in what becomes known as the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre.

Answer 69

power

Question 70

In a letter to Brand Duchess Christina, Galileo Galilei says this: "some years ago, as your Serene Highness well knows, I discovered in the havens many things which had not been seen before. The novelty of these things stirred men up against me, as if I had placed these things in the sky with my own hands in order to upset nature! But I do not believe that the same God who has endowed us with sense, reason and intellect has intended us to forgo their use. He would not require us to deny sense and reason, To ban Copernicus now would seem in my judgment to be a contravention of truth..."

Answer 70

power

Question 71

excommunicated martin Luther

Answer 71

Giovanni de Medici

Question 72

Forced by Pope Julius to paint the Sistine Chapel

Answer 72

Michelangio

Question 73

In 1517 attached his 95 theses on the door of Wittenberg Cathedral

Answer 73

martin luther

Question 74

Was run out of Florence and exiled for 9 years, returned with an army to invade Florence and was later welcomed after being Pope

Answer 74

Giovanni de Medici

Question 75

Refused Henry VIII's divorce, leading to England's establishing the first Protestant nation

Answer 75

Giovanni de Medici

Question 76

Forced by Pope Clement VII to create the last judgment over altar in Sistine chapel

Answer 76

Michelangio

Question 77

Was Pope when Germans sacked Rome under Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, his poor negotiation skills were largely to blame for the attack

Answer 77

Guilio de Medici

Question 78

Hired by Florentine government to set up defenses for Florence against Giovanni and Guilio de Medici; assembled a national militia.

Answer 78

Niccolo Machiavelli

Question 79

Forced by Pope Leo X to sculpt Medici tombs in Florence.

Answer 79

Michelangelo

Question 80

Sold papal indulgences to pay off his debts.

Answer 80

Giovanni de Medici

Question 81

Son of Guiliano who was adopted by Lorenzo.

Answer 81

Guilio de Medici

Question 82

Lorenzo's son who became the youngest cardinal in history; Medici money bought him the papacy; he became Pope Leo X.

Answer 82

Giovanni de Medici

Question 83

Became Pope Clement VII after the longest conclave in history, it took him two years to be elected.

Answer 83

Guilio de Medici

Question 84

His statue of David became a symbol for Florence's hatred for Medici.

Answer 84

Michelangelo

Question 85

Wrote "The Prince", a cynical book describing the realities of politics in his day; dedicated it to the Medici to gain their patronage.

Answer 85

Niccolo Machiavelli

Question 86

Dissected corpses to learn human anatomy.

Answer 86

Leonardo de Vinci

Question 87

Used as a pawn by the Florentines, traded for the safety of the city when they surrendered to the army of Giovanni and Guilio; married to French prince at 14.

Answer 87

Catherine de Medici

Question 88

Helped de Medici cousins get army to invade Florence after their exile.

Answer 88

Pope Julius

Question 89

Wrote to his brother, "God has given us the papacy; let us enjoy it."

Answer 89

Giovanni de Medici

Question 90

Employed nepotism when he made Guilio cardinal of Florence.

Answer 90

Giovanni de Medici

Question 91

Was excommunicated; started protestant revolution called The Reformation.

Answer 91

Martin Luther

Question 92

After the cardinals attempted his assassination, he created hundreds of jobs in the Vatican and sold them to his friends to make money and protect his position, much like a mafia don.

Answer 92

Giovanni de Medici

Question 93

Completed what his cousin began; splitting the church and starting war in Europe.

Answer 93

Guilio de Medici