Humanities Exam 2 Flashcards
When did the Industrial Revolution begin and where did it originate?
The Industrial Revolution began in the late 18th century and originated in Britain.
What is London’s nickname during the Industrial Revolution?
“The Workshop of the World.”
What was the primary focus of early factories during the Industrial Revolution?
Textile production.
Who invented the steam engine and why was it important?
James Watt; it was crucial for powering machinery, improving transportation, and increasing industrial efficiency.
What does Max Weber’s thesis on the Protestant work ethic argue?
Protestant values of hard work and discipline contributed to economic success and industrial growth.
What were the 1848 Revolutions?
A series of political upheavals across Europe, leading to demands for democracy and workers’ rights.
What did Marx view religion as?
The “opium of the people.”
Define the terms ‘proletariat’ and ‘bourgeoisie’.
Proletariat refers to the working class; bourgeoisie refers to the capital-owning class.
What did Communists seek to abolish?
Private property and inheritance to create economic equality.
What was the Crystal Palace and when was it built?
A massive glass and iron structure built for the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London.
What did the Crystal Palace symbolize?
Industrial progress and British dominance.
Who was the reigning monarch during the Industrial Revolution?
Queen Victoria.
Who was Queen Victoria’s husband?
Prince Albert.
List the order of art forms from Baroque to Realism.
- Baroque
- Rococo
- Neoclassicism
- Romanticism
- Realism
What did Romanticism emphasize?
Emotion, nature, and individualism.
What did Realists reject about Romanticism?
Its focus on emotion over objective reality.
What characterizes Neo-Gothic architecture?
Inspired by medieval Gothic structures, featuring pointed arches and ornate details.
What characterizes Neo-Classical architecture?
Influenced by ancient Greek and Roman architecture, characterized by symmetry and simplicity.
What does Realism focus on?
Depicting everyday life and social realities without romantic embellishment.
What is considered the first science fiction novel?
Frankenstein by Mary Shelley.
What does Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s ‘The Confessions’ detail?
His belief in the natural goodness of humanity and his distrust of societal corruption.
Why was Henry David Thoreau arrested?
For refusing to pay a poll tax in protest of slavery and the Mexican-American War.
What is the title of Thoreau’s famous book that emphasizes self-sufficiency?
Walden.
Who did Thoreau influence with his ideas on nonviolent resistance?
- Mahatma Gandhi
- Martin Luther King Jr.
What are key themes in Walt Whitman’s poetry?
Free verse poetry, celebration of democracy, and individualism.
What was Frederick Douglass’s background?
Born into slavery, he secretly learned to read and write.
How did Douglass teach other enslaved boys to read?
By sharing bread for lessons.
What elements did Douglass’s work combine?
- Romanticism (focus on individual experience)
- Realism (depictions of slavery’s harsh realities)
What distinguishes Rousseau’s focus from Douglass’s focus?
Rousseau emphasized personal introspection, whereas Douglass focused on social justice and activism.
Who created the painting ‘Death of Marat’ and what style is it?
Jacques-Louis David; Neoclassicism.
What does ‘The Hay Wain’ by John Constable depict?
The beauty of rural England.
What historical event does ‘Third of May’ by Francisco Goya depict?
The execution of Spanish rebels by Napoleon’s troops.
What does ‘Liberty Leading the People’ symbolize?
The July Revolution of 1830 in France.
What is the subject of ‘Burial at Ornans’ by Gustave Courbet?
A stark depiction of a rural funeral.
What struggles does ‘The Stone Breakers’ portray?
Working-class struggles.
