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Humanities Flashcards

1
Q

What is an aesthetic experience?

A

An experience of beauty that inspires a feeling of pleasure

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2
Q

Why is architecture considered an art?

A

Because architecture is concerned with the aesthetic effect of structures in their environment

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3
Q

What are some disciplines that fall within the realm of Humanities?

A

Music, Religion, Literature, Architecture

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4
Q

What is a myth?

A

Traditional stories that serve to explain some natural phenomenon, the origin of humanity, or customs or religious rites

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5
Q

Logic, aesthetics, and epistemology are all branches of “______.”

A

Philosophy

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6
Q

Love and the archetype of the hero are both examples of what?

A

Universal themes

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7
Q

Why is a chronological timeline of events important in Humanities?

A

To see connections between cause and effect

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8
Q

What are themes?

A

Unifying ideas that are developed or repeated throughout a literary or artistic work.

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9
Q

What are the relationships between the humanities and technology? (Hint: 2 answers)

A

1) Technology has led to an increase in globalization by making the world smaller and connecting people together through social networks
2) Technology has increased our ability to preserve, document and share works of art, literature, and music in a way that is unprecedented.

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10
Q

Which theme is found in multiple historical periods?

A

Individualism

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11
Q

How do we identify themes in a literary or artistic work?

A

Look for the unifying or main ideas.

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12
Q

What is true of myths? (Hint: 2 answers)

A

1) They are traditional stories of a people or culture that are told to explain natural phenomena and to record values and belief systems from generation to generation.
2) They utilize archetypes and symbols to find a deeper understanding of life.

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13
Q

Define Architecture

A

Concerned with the interplay of form and function

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14
Q

Define Religion

A

Can include any system of ethics, values, and beliefs.

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15
Q

Define Dance

A

Part of public ceremony, ritual, or entertainment dates back to the earliest human civilizations

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16
Q

Define Theater

A

Stems from the early Greeks, with their development of tragedy and comedy

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17
Q

Which discipline of the Humanities is primarily concerned with critical inquiry and reasoned argument?

A

Philosophy

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18
Q

The Bayeux Tapestry’s depiction of the Norman Conquest of England fulfills which purpose of art?

A

Art as political propaganda.

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19
Q

What are the Humanities?

A

The study of the how the human race understands and documents the human experience through creative contributions in art, music, literature, philosophy, religion, dance, etc.

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20
Q

Define Aesthetic

A

An experience of beauty that is its own justification

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21
Q

Define Eros

A

Passionate or sexual love

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22
Q

Define Monomyth

A

A recurrent example or model of human behavior

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23
Q

Define Archetypes

A

A myth that is embraced by a majority of people throughout history

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24
Q

Define Agape

A

Brotherly or selfless love

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25
Q

Why is E.O. Wilson’s theory of consilience important to the study of the Humanities?

A

It reinforces interdisciplinary study and facilitates the exchange of information necessary to create a more holistic understanding of who we are.

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26
Q

How was Humanism reflected in the nonwestern world?

A

Ancient Chinese culture embraced principles in Confucianism and Buddhism that mirrored Humanist principles.

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27
Q

How does studying the Humanities increase cross-cultural communication?

A

It helps us to interact with and understand a variety of people from different times and different places through their creative contributions.

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28
Q

How does studying the portrayal of love over time enhance one’s understanding of humanity?

A

The study of love in all its forms (eros, agape, and platonic love) illustrates a distinction in types of love that has captured the attention of artists.

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29
Q

What is the difference between a myth and a monomyth?

A

Myths can include a wide variety of narratives and archetypes. The monomyth focuses on the hero’s journey.

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30
Q

Which play was written by the Greek dramatist Sophocles?

A

Oedipus Rex

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31
Q

Which poet wrote The Iliad?

A

Homer

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32
Q

Greek architecture was based on which structure?

A

Post-and-Lintel

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33
Q

The Greek building most revered for its use of ratio and perspective is “________.”

A

the Parthenon

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34
Q

Greek plays were generally shown in a/an “______.”

A

Amphitheater

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35
Q

Roman engineering allowed the “______” to have the largest single span dome for centuries.

A

the Pantheon

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36
Q

In Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, what do the shadows represent?

A

Everyday life

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37
Q

Belief in multiple gods is known as “________.”

A

Polytheism

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38
Q

The ancient Greeks developed which form of government?

A

Democracy

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39
Q

Classical drama consisted of what? (Hint: 3 answers)

A

Tragedies, Comedies, Satyr plays

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40
Q

Summarize The Republic

A

Applied reason and logical thought to ideas about government and how to live a good, balanced life.

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41
Q

Summarize Oedipus Rex

A

A story of a man who lives his life not knowing the truth of his parentage and whose pride ultimately causes him to ignore his flawed humanity, resulting in the ultimate punishment of blindness and exile.

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42
Q

Summarize The Odyssey

A

An epic poem narrating the story of an ideal Greek hero who combined all the greatest virtues of Greek culture, as well as showing his interaction with the Greek pantheon of gods.

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43
Q

Summarize The Parthenon

A

Emphasized the themes of order and balance in its construction as a temple to the goddess Athena, patron of Athens.

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44
Q

Summarize Lysistrata

A

A play about heroic women who withhold sex from their husbands in order to end the Peloponnesian war and force a more democratic, egalitarian political climate.

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45
Q

Sappho’s lyric poem “A Lament for Adonis” represents what major theme of the Classical Period?

A

The theme of humanism because it emphasizes human passions and emotions rather than idealized gods.

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46
Q

Why is the statue The Metropolitan Kouros a notable example of Greek sculpture?

A

It utilized vertical and horizontal symmetry in creating the human form.

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47
Q

What was an innovation during the Classical Period that was based on balance and reason?

A

The development of Western philosophy and the ideas that underlie the modern scientific method.

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48
Q

What is the primary difference between Greek and Roman societies?

A

The Greeks lived in democratically-run city-states while the Romans had a larger centralized republic and eventually empire.

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49
Q

How do the visual art and architecture of Greece and Rome differ? (Hint: 2 answers)

A

1 )Much of the sculpture in Greece was focused on honoring deities and elevating the human form while Rome used art predominantly to glorify the Roman Empire.
2) The Greeks relied on post-and-lintel construction, and the Romans developed the use of columns and arches to design larger buildings.

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50
Q

What were 2 themes of humanism in the Classical Period?

A

1) Greek philosophers questioned the truth of ancient religious myths in which gods acted unjustly.
2) Aristotle investigated qualities that led to human excellence and made for a good life.

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51
Q

Which of the following types of cultural exchange took place during the Classical Period?

A

The Greeks borrowed the alphabet of the Phoenicians and used Egyptian influences in their sculpture.

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52
Q

What were the 2 main means of cultural exchange during the Classical Period?

A

1) Greece and Rome’s proximity to the Mediterranean Sea facilitated the exchange of goods and ideas with other civilizations.
2) The Silk Road provided access to Asia, allowing Eastern religions such as Buddhism and Daoism to filter into Europe along with goods.

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53
Q

Which 2 aspects of life today are directly influenced by the Classical Period?

A

Democracy and U.S. National Monuments

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54
Q

How does the contemporary film Oh Brother, Where Art Thou? represent classical influence?

A

The protagonist’s journey draws on a number of motifs, themes, and characters from the classical epic The Odyssey.

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55
Q

In his work, The Republic, Plato describes how best to create a fair and orderly society. What most closely represents his argument?

A

People are able to think rationally, but they are they are predisposed to act in their own self-interest, so they should be ruled by a philosopher-king who makes decisions based on reason and justice.

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56
Q

How did Aristotle’s teaching reflect humanism in the Classical Period?

A

He argued that reason is necessary to guide humans to right behavior and that achieving balance through the Golden Mean creates a virtuous character.

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57
Q

Which musical fragments were dedicated to the god Apollo and are among the earliest examples of written music?

A

The Delphic Hymns

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58
Q

Which 2 themes were introduced in the Classical Period?

A

1) A focus on balance and reason

2) A focus on humanism and truth

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59
Q

Historians generally consider the Renaissance to be a cultural and intellectual bridge between which two eras?

A

The Middle Ages and the modern era

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60
Q

The Renaissance triggered the rise of “______” literature that reflected the everyday life of the period.

A

Vernacular

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61
Q

Which figures from the Renaissance worked in sculpture?

A

Michelangelo

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62
Q

The Renaissance revived “______.”

A

Classical Greek and Roman culture

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63
Q

The phrase “To be, or not to be: that is the question” is from which of the following plays?

A

Hamlet

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64
Q

Who initiated the Protestant Reformation?

A

Martin Luther

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65
Q

During the Renaissance, science was regarded as a form of “black magic.” True or False?

A

False

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66
Q

What was the principle force for change in Renaissance religion?

A

Reform movements

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67
Q

What does “renaissance” (French) mean?

A

Rebirth

68
Q

What is a work from the Renaissance Period?

A

The Prince by Niccolò Machiavelli

69
Q

Describe Michelangelo’s David

A

Sculpture emphasizing the renewed learning from classical sources that focused on ideal human forms.

70
Q

Describe Madrigals

A

Unaccompanied vocal works that employed the polyphonic use of 3-6 voices and were secular in nature.

71
Q

Describe The Courtier

A

Dialogue that emphasized how members of a Renaissance court could portray their own unique personalities and self-fashioning.

72
Q

Describe The Prince

A

Renaissance political dissertation on government that advocates the idea that the end justifies the means.

73
Q

Describe Young Hare (Durer)

A

A work of Reformation art, this watercolor signifies an interest in the natural world, depicting the subject in fine detail with almost photographic accuracy.

74
Q

What was true of society during the Renaissance period? (Hint: 2 answers)

A

1) Religious reformers such as Martin Luther split with the Catholic church, ultimately resulting in the formation of Protestantism.
2) Many intellectuals broadened their perspectives beyond Church teachings after the discovery and spread of previously “lost” Classical writings.

75
Q

Which was emphasized by Renaissance humanism?

A

Humanists sought to educate the whole person, including the physical, intellectual, and spiritual aspects of human beings.

76
Q

What theme from the Renaissance is shown in “School of Athens?”

A

Classicism

77
Q

How is Leonardo’s Mona Lisa representative of Renaissance painting?

A

It treats its subject with realistic detail and perspective.

78
Q

How does the speech from Shakespeare’s Hamlet reflect the themes of the Renaissance?

A

The speech reflects the values of humanism by emphasizing the power of learning and an individual’s use of it.

79
Q

What was Martin Luther’s role in advocating Christian doctrine during the Renaissance?

A

Martin Luther was a priest and theologian who challenged papal infallibility.

80
Q

How did advancements in science lead to innovations in other disciplines during the Renaissance period?

A

Scientific knowledge about human physiology created greater understanding of how the human eye perceives light and distance, which led painters to experiment with techniques of perspective and chiaroscuro.

81
Q

Which literary devices were popular during the Renaissance? (Hint: 2 answers)

A

1) Soliloquy, in which a character speaks aloud to himself on stage, giving the audience access to his inner thoughts.
2) Blank verse, which is poetic verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.

82
Q

Who wrote the satirical essay, In Praise of Folly, which criticized the corruption and abuses of Catholic doctrine in parts of the Roman Catholic Church?

A

Erasmus

83
Q

How does art from the Renaissance illustrate cultural exchange and diversity? (Hint: 2 answers)

A

1) Renaissance artists such as the glassmakers in Italy received inspiration from Muslim artisanal glassware.
2) Carved ivory from Africa was featured in the homes of European royalty during the Renaissance.

84
Q

Who were 3 Enlightenment philosophers?

A

John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Denis Diderot

85
Q

The Age of Enlightenment was also called “_____.”

A

The Age of Reason

86
Q

The painting Oath of the Horatii by Jacques-Louis David is from what period?

A

The Neoclassical Period

87
Q

The classical movement in music falls between which two periods?

A

The Renaissance and Baroque Periods

88
Q

Why did the music of the Neoclassical Period differ from Baroque music.

A

It featured more variety in orchestral texture

89
Q

What about the Neoclassical theater is true?

A

It featured intricate and elaborate costumes and sets.

90
Q

Which composer was a classical composer?

A

Mozart

91
Q

What is Neoclassicism reject?

A

The ostentatious displays of Baroque works and embraced harmony and balance.

92
Q

What artist worked within the Neoclassical movement?

A

Angelica Kauffmann

93
Q

Enlightenment thinking valued all of the following:

A

Rationalism, progress, clarity

94
Q

Describe Tartuffe

A

A play by Moliere that utilizes satire to expose hypocrisy and offer religious and social criticism.

95
Q

Describe Symphony No. 101 in D Major

A

Musical composition by Haydn in which the strings create a rhythmic sound that imitates a ticking clock.

96
Q

Describe Encyclopédie

A

A 35-volume compilation of human knowledge that is viewed as one of the crowning achievements of Enlightenment thinking.

97
Q

Describe Gulliver’s Travels

A

Jonathan Swift’s satire of human nature.

98
Q

Describe Oath of the Horatii

A

Painting by Jacques-Louis David that shows three brothers swearing their allegiance to Rome and that became an inspiration for French revolutionaries.

99
Q

What would a Deist philosopher during the Enlightenment subscribe to?

A

A Deist would believe that God created the universe and decreed its order.

100
Q

Which philosophical approach relies on direct observation and experimentation?

A

Empiricism

101
Q

What is true of Classical music?

A

It coincided with the Neoclassical movement in the visual arts and emphasized lyrical melodies over more homophonic texture.

102
Q

How did slave narratives, such as The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, affect cultural exchange and diversity within the Enlightenment period?

A

Social progress was aided through realistic depictions of the living conditions of slaves.

103
Q

How does the Neoclassical Period influence contemporary culture?

A

Contemporary political satire, including shows like The Daily Show, traces its roots to the use of political satire in the Neoclassical Period.

104
Q

What were the major themes of the Enlightenment? (Hint: 3 answers)

A

Deism, Empiricism, Order

105
Q

Why is Voltaire’s novel Candide a significant work from the Enlightenment?

A

It is skeptical of philosophers who believe this is the best of all possible worlds.

106
Q

Why is Jacques-Louis David’s painting The Death of Marat typical of the Neoclassical style? (Hint: 2 answers)

A

1) It uses sharp, clean lines and chiaroscuro.

2) The figure has a sculpted quality, inspired by Classical statues.

107
Q

How did the rise of capitalism affect cultural exchange in the Enlightenment?

A

The rise of capitalism helped to increase the exchange of information, allowing intellectuals to form new opinions rather than relying on the bias of tradition.

108
Q

Why did many Enlightenment thinkers reject slavery?

A

They embraced the dignity of individual human reason and thought, regardless of racial background.

109
Q

What are characteristic uses of political satire?

A

To criticize and entertain

110
Q

How do themes of the Enlightenment contrast with themes of the Renaissance Period? (Hint: 2 answers)

A

1) The Enlightenment valued the order and clarity of classical art, while the Renaissance Period focused on the classical ideas of humanism.
2) The Enlightenment embraced Deism’s understanding of God as a grand architect, while the Renaissance Period explored Catholic and Protestant teachings.

111
Q

Which famous work was written by Mary Shelley?

A

Frankenstein

112
Q

Which figure from Greek mythology featured in Romantic works is a symbol of freedom and rebellion?

A

Prometheus

113
Q

Romantic architecture in England revived the “____” movement.

A

Gothic

114
Q

Romantic operas embraced themes of “______.”

A

Heroism and nationalism.

115
Q

“_____” literature evoked horror and often featured sinister, ambitious, and self-serving heroes.

A

Gothic

116
Q

“____” refers to the glorification of distant, foreign cultures and people.

A

Exoticism

117
Q

What signaled the shift from agriculture-based economy to one centered around industrialization, mechanized labor, and urbanization?

A

Industrial Revolution

118
Q

What is a unique trait of the Romantic hero?

A

Romantic heroes are sometimes misunderstood as they follow their personal passion.

119
Q

“______” is an example of a profound event in the Romantic Period that had an impact on a country’s national identity.

A

The French Revolution

120
Q

Who is an English Romantic poet?

A

Percy Bysshe Shelley

121
Q

Describe Moby Dick

A

An epic novel set on the high seas that recounts one man’s futile quest to dominate nature.

122
Q

Describe The Raven

A

A Gothic poem that represents the speaker’s persistent grief over the death of his beloved.

123
Q

Describe Leaves of Grass

A

A poem in free verse that explores the speaker’s connection to humanity and to nature

124
Q

Describe Frankenstein

A

A Gothic novel in which a scientist, in pursuit of ultimate knowledge, brings a corpse to life.

125
Q

Describe The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass

A

A first-person account that documents the inhumanity and human rights abuses enacted by slavery, which helped to gather support for the abolitionist movement.

126
Q

What were the themes of the Romantic period? (Hint: 3 answers)

A

Exoticism, Nationalism, Passion

127
Q

What best describes the role of nature in the Romantic Period? (Hint: 2 answers)

A

1) Nature was seen as a source of inspiration, and Romantic artists sought to represent the majesty and wisdom of nature in their works.
2) Nature was seen as emotionally evocative and sublime and was used as a source of artistic inspiration.

128
Q

What best describes the Byronic hero?

A

The Byronic hero is an intense and passionate figure who often defies authority and rebels against social conformity.

129
Q

What best describes Transcendentalism?

A

A rejection of Empiricism and an emphasis on nature as a source of inspiration.

130
Q

How does the painting Saturn Devouring his Son by Francisco de Goya exemplify the characteristics of Romantic art?

A

It draws upon myth to explore irrationality, superstition, and the dark side of artistic creativity.

131
Q

What is true of architecture during the Romantic period? (Hint: 2 answers)

A

1) The architects of the Romantic Period embraced the Gothic Revival, a movement celebrating the religiosity of older Gothic buildings.
2) The architects of the Romantic Period experimented with different building materials, such as iron, steel, and glass.

132
Q

How does Chopin’s Nocturne Opus 27, Number 1 display characteristics of Romantic period music?

A

The piece has drastic tempo changes and shifts in mood that evoke strong changes in emotion.

133
Q

Which Romantic theme is reflected in William Wordsworth’s The Prelude?

A

Nature as a source of solace and inspiration.

134
Q

What is true of Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9 in D minor, Op. 125?

A

It is longer and more dramatic than prior symphonies and utilizes many musicians, including vocalists.

135
Q

What influenced cultural exchange and diversity in the Romantic period?

A

Exoticism in art and literature reflected the fascination Europeans had with non-Western cultures.

136
Q

What were American composers of hymns and church music inspired by during the Romantic period?

A

They looked abroad for inspiration, drawing from the works of the great Classical composers of Europe.

137
Q

Which musical technique popular in the Romantic period is still used in contemporary music today?

A

Chromaticism

138
Q

Which American patriotic song had its roots in the Romantic period?

A

Star-Spangled Banner

139
Q

How do the themes of the Romantic Period contrast with the themes of the Neoclassical Period? (Hint: 2 answers)

A

1) The themes of the Romantic Period are influenced by revolution and nationalism whereas the themes of the Neoclassical Period are influenced by advancements in science, philosophy, and politics.
2) The themes of the Romantic Period reflect the importance of nature as a source of wisdom and beauty whereas the themes of the Neoclassical Period reflect a rational and scientific exploration of the nature.

140
Q

Which development MOST contributed to the rise of Realist literature?

A

The Industrial Revolution

141
Q

Which movement lured immigrants and farmworkers to American cities in the second half of the 19th century?

A

Industrialism

142
Q

Which two periods overlapped?

A

Realism and Romanticism

143
Q

What informed Realism’s depiction of nature?

A

Darwinism

144
Q

What is the philosophical view that the only reality that exists is the one that can be seen through the natural sciences.

A

Scientific materialism

145
Q

What was developed during the 19th century and contributed to Realism’s desire for accurate portrayal of reality?

A

Photography

146
Q

Which philosophy argues that ethical decisions must be made for the greater good?

A

Utilitarianism

147
Q

Charles Dickens was a Realist author known for depicting the grimness of the Industrial Revolution in “_____,” his native country.

A

England

148
Q

One chief concern that Realist playwrights shared with Realist authors and artists was “______.”

A

Showing likeness to life

149
Q

Which musical styles was composer John Philip Sousa best known for?

A

Military march

150
Q

Describe On the Origin of Species

A

This work presents the theory of evolution, which shows that species evolve over time by way of natural selection.

151
Q

Describe The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

A

This novel examines race relations and follows the story of a young boy and a runaway slave who travel down the Mississippi river on a raft.

152
Q

Describe War and Peace

A

This epic novel draws from letters, journals, and other historical reports and examines the Napoleonic invasion of Russia in 1812 through the eyes of five aristocratic Russian families.

153
Q

Describe The Awakening

A

Set in New Orleans, this novel tells the story of an artistic and sensitive woman who struggles against the limitations and expectations placed on her gender.

154
Q

Describe Hard Times

A

A novel that explicitly critiques the philosophy of Utilitarianism by depicting the hypocrisy of the rich, the plight of the poor, and the gritty realities of industrialization.

155
Q

Which themes were rejected by the Realist period? (Hint: 2 answers)

A

Mysticism and The Sublime

156
Q

French painter Gustave Courbet once said: “I have never seen angels. Show me an angel and I will paint one.” Which philosophical approach from the Realist period does this quotation express?

A

Scientific Materialism

157
Q

Which was a major artistic innovation during the Realist period?

A

The invention of photography

158
Q

What best describes Realist theater of the late 19th-century?

A

The plays attempted to accurately depict ordinary life, using everyday vocabulary and exploring moral problems that would be relevant to audience members of the time.

159
Q

What best represents the beliefs and writings of 19th-century philosopher, John Stuart Mill?

A

Mill believed that governments should intervene only when necessary to ensure the greater good and that women should have access to education and be given the right to vote.

160
Q

Which Realist authors is best remembered for works that addressed social inequalities and the struggles of the working class in 19th century England?

A

Charles Dickens

161
Q

Why is Henry Ossawa Tanner’s painting, The Thankful Poor, a significant work of the Realist Period?

A

Tanner’s painting is widely regarded as a classic portrayal of African American dignity, and it enables viewers to relate emotionally to the man and the boy.

162
Q

What is true of composer Claude Debussy?

A

Debussy experimented with unusual scale patterns, including scales from Eastern Asian music.

163
Q

Which late 19th-century art movements were inspired by the ancient traditions of Japanese woodblock painting? (Hint: 3 answers)

A

Impressionism, Art Nouveau, Post-Impressionism

164
Q

Van Gogh’s Courtesan reflects what movement in the Realist Period?

A

Japonisme

165
Q

Which philosophy from the Realist period still influence political systems in the present day?

A

Marxism

166
Q

In what ways is the Realist philosophy of Utilitarianism still relevant in present-day America?

A

The Utilitarian emphasis on the greatest good for the greatest number is reflected in many of our environmental policies, which work to safeguard our environment so as to protect our natural resources and ensure the overall health of society.

167
Q

How do themes of the Realist Period differ from the themes of the Romantic Period? (Hint: 2 answers)

A

1) Nature is treated with deep scientific and material interest in the Realist period, while in the Romantic period, nature is valued for its aesthetic function, in which it is often seen as a rich source of artistic inspiration.
2) The Realists emphasize individualism by examining how individuals make complicated moral choices within the context of a larger society, while in Romanticism, the individual is often celebrated for being rebellious and rejecting social conventions.

Classes (3 decks)

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