Humanitarian Intervention Examples Flashcards
Northern Iraq (1991)
In the aftermath of the Gulf War the USA launched operation provide comfort to establish safe havens for the Kurdish people in northern rock by establishing a no-fly zone policed by the USUK and French aircraft
Safe havens were created to protect the ethnic cleansing of the Kurds the Kurds were being persecuted under Saddam Hussein and there was chemical attacks against them
A massacre of the Kurds was prevented and cooperation was successful as a UN resolution was passed very quickly
However it was hard to maintain safe havens due to the destabilisation of the Iraqi army, war is still happening in Iraq and Kurds still do not have their own state
Somalia (1992)
On the brink of humanitarian catastrophe are you an authorised and U.S.-led intervention known as operation restore hope sought to create a protected environment for conducting humanitarian operations in southern Somalia
Haiti (1994)
Following a military coup and in the context of growing lawlessness and exhilarating Haitian immigration to the USA 15,000 US troops were dispatched to Haiti to restore order and help in the establishment of civil authority
Rwanda (1994)
Following the Rwanda genocide and once the Tutsis Had gained control of most of the country the French established a safe zone for Hutu refugees to flee to known as operation turquoise
Civil war between the Tutsis and Hutus
the Tutsis, the ruling class, Committed genocide against the Hutus
The 1994 genocide was not prevented because the Security Council failed to agree on military intervention UN peacekeepers were powerless to stop the genocide as they have not been given permission to intervene with force against the tribal fighters as a result up to 1,000,000 lost their lives in just over 100 days
Kosovo (1999)
In the context of fears about the ethnic cleansing of the Albanian population a campaign of airstrikes Conducted by U.S.-led NATO forces forced the Serbs to agree to withdraw their forces from
Kosovo
Fears about ethnic cleansing of the Albanian population, air strikes conducted by U.S.-led NATO forces
NATO began an aerial bombardment against Serbia the threat of a
NATO ground offensive forced the Serbian president to handover Kosovo to NATO administration it forced the Serbs to agree to withdraw their forces from Kosovo
Kosovo force took over the responsibilities of re-establishing the infrastructure dearming rival groups and resettling refugees
Although Kosovo would legally remain a part of Serbia
East Timor (1999)
As Indonesia stepped up a campaign of intimidation and suppression are you are authorised peacekeeping force led by
Australia took control of the island from Indonesia
Indonesia invaded East Timor in the 1970s not a peaceful intervention and the Timorese claimed independence
Collapse of the regime in Indonesia meant that a referendum for Timorese independence seemed possible
They voted overwhelmingly for independence but the Indonesian military responded with great violence
UN resolution 1264 authorised a multinational force to enter East
Timor with a robust Mandate to defeat and disarm militias
stability was restored and in 2001 Elections were held for East Timor’s constituent assembly in 2003 E. Timor formally gained independence
Sierra Leone (2000)
After a prolonged Civil War in Sierra Leone the UK government sent a small force initially to protect UK citizens but ultimately to support the elected government against rebel forces that were accused of carrying out atrocities
Libya (2011)
In the context of a popular uprising against President Gaddafi a
U.S.-led coalition launched at missile strikes against Libyan forces
NATO quickly taking over responsibility for policing the no-fly zone
Iraq (2003)
Saddam Hussein was quickly overthrown which was a key aim of the intervention
No attention was paid to postwar reconstruction and chaos quickly ensued
The USA disbanded the Iragi army and dismissed the government and civil service therefore encouraging the disintegration of law and order in the country
Sunni Muslims Launched at insurgency which provoked widespread killing a brutal arrest by occupying forces
Lead to the development of Isis they were able to gain a foothold in the region
