humanistic approach Flashcards

1
Q

what does the humanistic approach believe? (2)

A

● every individual is unique

● to understand human behaviour we must look at individual’s experiences, thoughts, etc to fully explain behaviour

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2
Q

what are the 3 assumptions of the humanistic approach?

A

● everyone has free will

● maslow’s hierarchy of needs and self-actualisation

● aim of therapy is to establish congruence

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3
Q

what is free will? (2)

A

● human beings are entirely free to act as they choose

● and bear responsibility for the outcome of their behaviour

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4
Q

what is holism? (3)

A

● a holistic approach sees human behaviour as too complex to be reduced to single explanations

● human beings are seen as more than the sum of their individual parts

●and there are many factors contributing to behaviour

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5
Q

describe maslow’s hierarchy of needs (2)

A

● most basic needs must be fulfilled before we can move onto our advanced needs

● goal is self actualisation

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6
Q

what is self actualisation?

A

desire to grow psychologically and fulfil your potential, achieving and become what you are capable of

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7
Q

what is the order of maslow’s hierarchy of needs? (5)

A

● physiological - breathing, food, water

● safety

● love and belonging - friendship, family

● esteem - self-esteem, confidence, respect by others

● self actualisation - becoming the best version of yourself

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8
Q

what is congruence? (3)

A

● consistency/similarity between actual self (how you see yourself) and ideal self (self you’d like to be)

● if gap between your actual and ideal self is incongruent, likely to lead to negative self-worth and self actualisation will not be possible

● personal growth will only occur if you have congruence

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9
Q

what are issues like low self esteem due to? (2)

A

● issues such as low self-esteem have roots in childhood

● due to a lack of unconditional positive regard from parents

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10
Q

what is unconditional positive regard? (3)

A

● when a parent places no conditions on their love for their children

● parents who set boundaries on their love for their child (conditions of worth) could create psychological problems for their child in future

● making it difficult to achieve congruence

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11
Q

what is person centred therapy? (8)

A

● offer unconditional positive regard to patients

● which may be missing from childhood experiences if conditions of worth were placed on them by parents

● during pct, client encouraged to talk about problems and work through them with therapist

● to overcome mismatch between their self-concept and ideal self

● can be done by developing healthier self-concept or more realistic ideal self

● goal to aid client towards self-actualisation by helping them become whole person and accepting every aspect of themselves

● person centred: client expert and will discover own solution by examining present problems and how to move forward

● rather than other therapies that dwell on past (psychoanalysis)

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12
Q

what 3 things should a therapist do during PCT?

A

● show unconditional positive regard

● show empathy

● show genuineness

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