humanistic approach Flashcards
rank the hierarchy of needs from top to bottom
self-actualisation
esteem
love + belonging
safety + security
physiological needs
what must you do in order to reach the top of Maslow’s hierarchy?
progress through each preceding stage
list 3 characteristics of someone who has reached self-actualisation
realistic
self-accepting
autonomous
enjoys privacy
open
spontaneous
responsible
what did Maslow believe to be essential to human life?
personal growth
what does humanistic psychology claim/believe?
humans are self-determining + have free will
true or false?
humans should be viewed holistically
true
true or false?
science should be used to explain behaviour
false - the humanistic approach believes that we should be viewed holistically + consider multiple aspects of an individual
how must personal growth be achieved?
an individual’s self-concept must be equivalent to their ideal self
what is ‘congruence’?
the aim of Rogerian therapy - when an individual’s self-concept matches their ideal self
what will happen if there is too big a gap between the self-concept + the ideal self?
self-actualisation won’t be possible due to negative feelings of self-worth that arise from incongruence
define:
self-concept
ideal self
actual self
self-concept = how you perceive yourself to be
ideal self = who you aspire to be
actual self = who you really are
what is the aim of client-centered therapy?
reduce the gap between self-concept + ideal self (achieve congruence)
what did Rogers claim that many adult issues stem from?
childhood events
what can adult issues often be explained by?
lack of unconditional positive regard (UPR) from parents
what stores up psychological problems for the future?
conditions of worth - when a parent sets boundaries on their love for their child
give an example of conditions of worth
e.g. ‘I will only love you if you study medicine’
what does counselling branch from?
Rogerian therapy
why did Rogers refer to those in therapy as ‘clients’, not ‘patients’?
he saw the individual as the expert on their own condition
list 3 qualities that a counsellor must possess
empathy
genuineness
UPR - therapist must show no judgement or reactions to client
name 2 issues/debates that this approach involves
cultural bias
holism
how is this approach culturally biased?
many ideas associated with humanistic psychology are much more present in individualist cultures than collectivist cultures
collectivist cultures tend to emphasise more the needs of the group, whereas this approach focuses of self-actualisation + personal growth
how is this approach holistic?
it assesses several aspects of the individual + doesn’t reduce behaviour into smaller components
what is a counterpoint to holism?
reductionist approaches are more scientific + complex concepts (e.g. the self) can’t be broken down + experimented on as they are subjective
therefore it doesn’t have much scientific/empirical evidence as it doesn’t reduce behaviour
name a strength of this approach
it’s a positive approach
how is this approach positive?
sees all individuals as fundamentally good + working towards achieving their potential in life
why have critics argued that this approach has little application?
they believe it is a loose set of abstract ideas, and other approaches such as behaviourism have more application in the real world
how has this approach had a practical application in the real world?
Rogerian therapy has revolutionised counselling + Maslow’s hierarchy has been used to explain motivation, especially in the workplace
