humanistic approach Flashcards
What are the negatives of humanistic approach ?
Unscientific - subjective concepts which are difficult to test
ethnocentric - imposes a western view of human behaviour
Why are the positives of humanistic approach ?
Shifted focus of behaviour to the individual and whole person rather than their unconscious mind genes observable behavioir etc
Humanistic psychology satisfies most people’s idea of what being human means because it values personal ideals and self fulfilment
Qualitative data gives genuine insight and more holistic information into behaviour- practical applications
what are the practical applications of Maslows hierarchy of needs ?
Had an enormous impact and practical applications within the workplace
managers need to be trained to understand the needs of their staff and help motivate them
What are the strengths of Sheffield et al ?
Standardised questionnaires - can be replicated
185 students so a large sample size - generalise to other college students
What are the weaknesses of Sheffield et al?
Correlationstudy - there may be a third variable causing the positive correlation
biased sample- only college students so it can’t be generalised to non students
What is the supporting evidence of Maslow hierarchy of needs ?
sheffield et al
Carried out a study on 185students and used standardised questionnaires to measure self actualisation and psychological health
found apositive correlation between these 2 measures showing that people with higher levels of self actualisation are more likely to be psychologically healthy
What does maslows hierarchy of needs show?
Shows the pathway to self actualisation
each level must be fulfilled before you can progress to the next
what is the order of Maslows hierarchy of needs ?
1.Physiological needs- food , water, warmth, rest
2.Safety needs- security ,safety
3.belongingness and love needs- intimate relationships, friends
4.esteem needs- prestige and feeing of accomplishment
5.self actualisation- achieving one’s full potential including creative activities
What is self actualisation ?
A state of personal fulfilment
when we have met all our other needs and we have become the very best version of ourselves
when we self actualise we leave behind all our concerns about money or relationships and live our lives in the pursuit of something greater
we feel fulfilled and happy
What is the aim of rogerian client centred therapy ?
to increase the persons feelings ofself worthreduce the level of incongruencebetween the self image and the ideal self
and help the person become a more fully functioning person
What does a client centred therapist aim to be ?
rogerian client centred therapy
Be empathetic- put themselves in the clients shoes and try to connect with them on an emotional level
be genuine
provideunconditional positive regard
How does the therapist help the patient close the gap between the ideal self and self image ?
rogerian client centred therapy
this can be done by encouraging a healthier morepositive viewof themselves by providing them with unconditional positive regard or by encouraging a more realistic and achievable ideal self.
What is Client centred therapy/ counselling ?
Humanistic therapy aims to help patientsclose the gap between ideal self and perceived self so they can achieve congruence
this can be done by encouraging a healthiermore positive viewof themselves by providing them with unconditional positive regard or by encouraging a more realistic and achievable ideal self.
What is the practical application due to rogers ?
Client centred therapy/ counselling
What is supporting evidence of congruence ?
paul
Paul found that people who had a strong work ethic and valued being employed weremore likely to be depressed when they became unemployed
he concluded that this came from the incongruence between their goals and their real life situation
What is supporting evidence of conditions of worth ?
harter et al
Discovered that teenagers who feel they have to fulfil certain conditions in order to gain their parents approval end up not liking themselves
the adolescents create afalse selfpretending to be the kind of person their parents would love
this makes them more likely to develop depression
What are conditions of worth ?
Criteria that we feel we have to meet in order to be worthy of love and approval of other people
What is conditional positive regard ?
We are loved only if we meet a certain criteria
It can lead to conditions of worth where we feel that we have to meet criteria in order to be worthy of love and approval of other people
How does rogers say we grow a positive self image ?
Rogers believed that our self image starts to form in childhood and we need lots of unconditional positive regard to grow a positive self image
this means that we feel loved and accepted without any need to meet certain criteria
our goals are supported and we are allowed to make mistakes without feeling we have lost life and support off another person
How do we become congruent?
requires high self esteem
if we feel good about ourselves then we will have a positive self image. we need to have achievable realistic goals,that way we aren’t far from our ideal self.`
What is being incongruent?
when the self image and ideal self are different
it can lead to anxiety depression and other mental health problems
What does being congruent mean?
We are mentally well and healthy when we are congruent
the self image and ideal self are similar or the same
What are the key assumptions of humanistic approach?
humans must be viewed as a whole and not be reduced to component parts
humans are unique and must be valued as such
humans are active agents- able to control and determine their own development
humans strive towards achieving self actualisation
humans have free will that is the ability to chose and determine their own paths in life
to be psychologically healthy the real self and ideal self must be congruent
