Humanistic Approach Flashcards
Who created the humanistic approach?
Maslow
Rogers
Name the key assumptions of the humanistic approach.
- Humans have free will
- Every individual is unique
- People should be viewed holistically
- Scientific methods are not appropriate to measure behaviour
What is Maslow’s theory called?
Hierarchy of needs
What is the hierarchy of needs?
A ranked list of needs required for psychological development that are presented in ascending order
Must have completed all requirements on one level to move to the next
Name the levels of hierarchy of needs in ascending order.
Psychological needs
Safety and security
Love and belonging
Self esteem
Self actualisation
Name the requirements for psychological needs.
Breathing
Food
Water
Shelter
Clothing
Sleep
Name the requirements for safety and security.
Health
Employment
Property
Family
Social ability
Name the requirements for love and belonging.
Friendship
Family
Intimacy
Sense of connection
Name the requirements for self-esteem.
Confidence
Achievement
Respect of others
The need to be a unique individual
What are these levels referred to as?
Deficiency needs to be
Name the requirements for self-actualisation.
Morality
Creativity
Spontaneity
Acceptance
Experience purpose
Meaning
Inner potential
What is self-actualisation?
The state in which people achieve their full potential and are fully aware of the world around them
What two basic needs did Rogers emphasise?
Self-worth
Unconditional positive regard
What is incongruence?
The degree of disparity between one’s actual self (the way you think you are) and one’s ideal self (the way you would like to be)
What is congruence?
When one’s actual self and one’s ideal self are close in comparison
What are conditions of worth?
The conditions we think we must meet in order for other people to accept us as worthy of their love or positive regard
What is free will?
The notion that humans can make choices and are not determined by biological or external forces
What is client-centred therapy?
A therapy whereby the client is encouraged to develop positive self regard and overcome the mismatch between their actual self and ideal self
The therapist is encouraged to have no judgment and unconditional positive regard towards the client
What is gestalt therapy?
A therapy where the aim is to help the violent become a whole (gestalt) person by getting them to accept every aspect of themselves Techniques of gestalt therapy include confrontation, dream analysis and role playing
What are the strengths of the humanistic approach?
- Emphasises free will
- Places individual’s subjective experiences at its center
- It is holistic
What are the weaknesses of the humanistic approach?
- Lacks empirical evidence
- Idiographic so cannot be studied objectively
- Not scientific
- Non-falsifiable
