humanistic approach

Question 1

what did Maslow believe about needs?

Answer 1

he stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs. when one need is fulfilled, a person seeks to fulfil the next one, and so on

Question 2

what did Carl Rodgers believe people needed in order to grow?

Answer 2

he agreed with Maslow but also said that they need
- an environment that provides them with genuineness
- acceptance
- empathy

Question 3

what is the humanistic approach based upon?

Answer 3

humans are self-determine and have free will
rejects scientific models that attempt to establish universal laws
focuses on explaining healthy growth in individuals

Question 4

what does this approach claim humans are like?

Answer 4

they are self-determing and have free will

Question 5

what is free will?

Answer 5

this means when we are active agents who have the ability to determine our own development

Question 6

how is the humanistic approach person centred?

Answer 6

it states that we cant establish general rules/laws of human behaviour as all humans are unique

Question 7

what are the 5 stages of mallows hierarchy of needs?

Answer 7

self actualisation
esteem needs
social needs (love/belonging)
safety needs
basic needs (physiological)

Question 8

what is the goal of the hierarchy of needs?

Answer 8

the primary goal of all individuals is to self actualise. (fulfil their potential)
all 4 lower levels (deficiency needs) of the hierarchy must be met before the individual can do this
progress through the hierarchy can only be done once the need is met

Question 9

what are some examples of basic needs?

Answer 9

breathing
food
water
sleep
homeostasis
execretion

Question 10

what are some examples of safety needs?

Answer 10

security of body, employment, resources, morality, family, health property

Question 11

what are some examples of social needs?

Answer 11

self esteem
confidence
achievement
respect of others
respect by others

Question 12

what are some examples of self actualisation?

Answer 12

morality
creativity
spontaneity
problem solving
lack of prejudice
acceptance of facts

Question 13

what is self-actualisation?

Answer 13

when everyone has an innate tendency to achieve their full potential

Question 14

what is personal growth?

Answer 14

it is an essential part of what it is to be human. it is concerned with developing and changing as a person to become more fulfilled, satisfied and goal orientated

Question 15

why my some people not experience self actualisation?

Answer 15

not everyone will manage it as there are important psychological barriers that may prevent a person reaching their potential.

Question 16

why must the self and congruence be equal?

Answer 16

in order for personal growth to be achieved, an individuals concept of self must be equivalent to congruence with their ideal self

Question 17

what is the concept of self?

Answer 17

the way someone sees themselves

Question 18

what is the ideal self?

Answer 18

who they want to be

Question 19

what happens if there is a gap between the two selves?

Answer 19

they will experience a state of incongruence, this will result in low self esteem. this means that self actualisation would not be possible due to the negative feelings of self worth that would occur.

Question 20

why do humanists believe we suffer with many issues as an adult?

Answer 20

a lack of unconditional positive regard from parents when we were children
where parents only give conditional positive regard

Question 21

what does both conditional and unconditional positive regard place on individuals>

Answer 21

conditions of worth

Question 22

what are conditions of worth?

Answer 22

it is when the parents place limits or boundaries on their love of their child e.g. saying ‘I will only love you if….’

Question 23

what must therapies provide people with if they didn’t experience it as a child`/

Answer 23

unconditional positive regard

Question 24

what type of therapy did Rogers introduce?

Answer 24

client/person centred therapy

Question 25

how did Rogers client centred therapy work?

Answer 25

he referred to those in therapy as ‘clients’ as he saw them as an expert on their own condition
the therapy is non-directive
the client is encouraged to discover their own solutions in an atmosphere that is non-judgemental and supportive

Question 26

what does Rogers client centred therapy reduce?

Answer 26

it reduced the incongruence between the self concept and ideal self

Question 27

what did Rogers therapy introduce?

Answer 27

transformed psychotherapy and introduced a variety of counselling techniques

Question 28

AO3: how is ‘reductionism versus holism’ a strength to the humanistic approach?

Answer 28

the humanistic approach is not reductionist it is a holistic explanation
it states that subjective experience can only be understood by considering the whole person
this approach may have more validity than other approaches such as the behaviourist and cognitive, which are reductionist
however, this means it can be very difficult to test empirically

Question 29

AO3: how is ‘real life application’ a strength to the humanistic approach?

Answer 29

it has had a positive impact on therapies
it is forward looking and effective
it focuses on present problems rather than dwelling on the past
aspects of the approach translate well into theraputic goals, which can be useful

Question 30

AO3: how is ‘positive approach’ a strength to the humanistic approach?

Answer 30

it promotes a positive image of the human condition
it sees all people as basically good, free to work towards the achievement of their potential and in control of their lives.
this is a direct contrast with the psychodynamic approach which claims we all exist between ‘common unhappiness and absolute despair’

Question 31

AO3: how is ‘culturally biased’ a limitation to the humanistic approach?

Answer 31

ideas such as individual freedom, autonomy and personal growth are more associated with individualist cultures e.g. USA
collectivist cultures (e.g. India) emphasise the need of the group, community and interdependence so may not identify with the ideas and values of humanistic psychology