Human Transport

Question 1

What is the circulatory system

Answer 1

System of a pump and valves and blood vessels that transport blood around the body

Question 2

What are valves

Answer 2

Structures that only allow a singular direction flow of liquid

Question 3

Describe the process of blood flow

Answer 3

Blood enters to the heart from the lungs, it is pumped towards the rest of the body and back into the heart to be pumped back into the lungs

Question 4

What side of the heart contains which type of blood

Answer 4

Right - Deoxygenated blood
Left - Oxygenated blood

Question 5

What are double circulatory systems

Answer 5

When blood enters/is pumped by the heart twice in one circuit

Question 6

What is the advantage for double circulatory systems

Answer 6

• Higher pressure of blood
• Gets passed towards specific tissues that require it quicker

Question 7

What are the four spaces in the heart called

Answer 7

Chambers

Question 8

What is the structure that separates the left and right side of the heart

Answer 8

Septum

Question 9

What is an atrium

Answer 9

Top two chambers in the heart

Question 10

What is a ventricle

Answer 10

Bottom two chambers in the heart

Question 11

Which vein does oxygenated blood enter from in the left atrium

Answer 11

Pulmonary vein

Question 12

Which vein does deoxygenated blood enter from in the right atrium

Answer 12

Vena cava

Question 13

What is the aorta

Answer 13

Largest artery that transports oxygenated pumped blood from the heart to the rest of the body

Question 14

What is the pulmonary artery

Answer 14

Transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 15

What are atrioventricular valves

Answer 15

Valves that separate the atrium and ventricles

Question 16

What are semilunar valves

Answer 16

Valves that separate the ventricles and arteries

Question 17

What are coronary arteries

Answer 17

Arteries that supply blood and energy and nutrients into the muscles of the heart

Question 18

What is CHD and why does it occur

Answer 18

Coronary Heart Disease
It occurs due to the narrowing of the lumen due to cholestrol. This prevents blood from entering the Coronary Arteries

Question 19

How does one prevent CHD

Answer 19

• no smoking
• less cholestrol/ fat intensive food
• more exercise

Question 20

What is an ECG

Answer 20

Electro Cardio Graph measures the pulse rate

Question 21

What is the pulse rate

Answer 21

The expansion and contraction of the heart per minute

Question 22

Which side is the bicuspid valve and which side is the tricuspid valve

Answer 22

Bicuspid valve - right
Tricuspid valve - left

Question 23

What types of blood vessels are there

Answer 23

Arteries, Capillaries, Veins

Question 24

Which direction do arteries move the blood

Answer 24

from the heart to the rest of the body

Question 25

What is a capillary

Answer 25

a blood vessel that transports blood to every part of the body

Question 26

Which direction do veins move the blood

Answer 26

from the body into the heart

Question 27

Do arteries carry low pressure or high pressure blood and why

Answer 27

High pressure blood since it has recently been pumped

Question 28

2 parts of arteries that allow it to flow blood better and why

Answer 28

Thick, Elastic walls Small lumen All contribute to the high pressure flow of blood

Question 29

What is the function of a capillary

Answer 29

To transport blood to every part of the body

Question 30

Why are capillaries thin

Answer 30

To reach into smaller spaces and increase surface area - diffusion of blood

Question 31

Why aren't veins narrow

Answer 31

Since there is low blood pressure

Question 32

Why do veins have valves and arteries dont

Answer 32

Low blood pressure could cause it to move in the other direction. Valves prevent that from happening.

Question 33

What organ do the hepatic arteries supply blood to

Answer 33

Liver

Question 34

What is blood

Answer 34

Blood is a liquid that contains cells

Question 35

What is the liquid part of blood

Answer 35

Plasma

Question 36

What are platelets and where are they formed

Answer 36

Platelets are cells that perform blood clotting. They're formed in the bone marrow

Question 37

Why are red blood cells red

Answer 37

Due to the presence of haemoglobin

Question 38

Why do RBCs not have a nucleus

Answer 38

Since they need space to carry oxygen

Question 39

Why are RBCs shaped as a bioconcave

Answer 39

To increase surface area - diffusion of blood is faster

Question 40

Why are RBCs small in size

Answer 40

They travel faster and easier

Question 41

Do WBCs have nucleus

Answer 41

Yes

Question 42

What is the function of a WBC

Answer 42

To fight pathogens and remove dead cells

Question 43

What is phagocytosis

Answer 43

THe process of phagocytes engulfing pathogens

Question 44

What do lymphocytes do

Answer 44

They produce antibodies to kill pathogens

Question 45

What are the functions of platelets

Answer 45

Perform blood clotting

Question 46

Why does blood clotting occur

Answer 46

Prevent blood loss, and the entry of pathogens

Question 47

How does blood clotting occur

Answer 47

Blood clotting occurs when the platelets excrete a substance that makes fibrinogen an insoluble protein called fibrin. They form a mesh around the wound. Platelets clump together to form a blood clot.

Question 48

Name all 8 components of plasma

Answer 48

- Water - Dissolvable Gases - Excretory products - Hormones - Lipids and Fats - Carbohydrates - Proteins - Mineral ions