Human Trafficking - BPOC 736, Module E, Chapter 21, Units 1-3 Flashcards
What is the definition of “human trafficking”?
(1) The recruiting, transporting, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons, (2) by means of threat or use of force, coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, or abuse of power, or vulnerability, (3) or the giving or receiving of payments to achieve control over another person, (4) for the purpose of exploitation for sex, forced labor, slavery, servitude, or organ removal.
What does human trafficking thrive on?
The exploitation of humans for financial or economic reasons, where victims are forced to labor against their will; and various control techniques, such as severe physical punishment, are in place not only to prevent escape but also to inhibit victims from testifying against their traffickers
What is the International Labor Organization (ILO)?
A United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice
Are the majority of sex trafficking victims in the United States domestic or foreign?
Domestic
What is the second most profitable illegal industry in the United States?
Human Trafficking
What two categories did the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 break human trafficking into?
(1) Sex trafficking, and (2) Labor trafficking
What are the three vital components of human and labor trafficking?
(1) Force, (2) Fraud, and (3) Coercion
What is the job of a “recruiter” in the human trafficking industry?
(1) To find persons, whether children or adults, to be sold into slavery, (2) arranging the sale of the person in exchange for money or services, (3) the receipt or delivery of the person to the paying customer
What methods are employed by recruiters to control their victims?
Deception or fraud (lying about a “good job”), threats or use of force
Is human trafficking classified a transnational or domestic crime?
Transnational
What group of persons are most vulnerable to being recruited for sexual abuse?
Children who are homeless, LGBTQ+, African American or Latino, and interacting with the child welfare system
What does the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) do?
Features programs and initiatives to support efforts to protect children and their communities
What does “commercial sexual exploitation of children” (CSEC) refer to?
A range of crimes and activities involving the sexual abuse or exploitation of children for financial benefit or any person or in exchange for anything of value given or received by any person
What are the elements of child sex trafficking?
(1) trafficking a child under the age of 18, (2) causing a child under 18 to engage in or become the victim of commercial sex acts or child sex abuse, (3) receiving a benefit from participating in a venture that involves child sex trafficking, or (4) engaging in sexual conduct with a trafficked child
What statutes and Penal Codes address human trafficking?
Texas Family Code 261.001, Penal Code 43.01, 43.02, 43.05, and 20A.02
What are the three fundamental differences between human smuggling and human trafficking?
(1) Consent (smuggled persons consent to being moved from one place to another; trafficked persons do not); (2) Exploitation (smugglers and their customers part ways at the agreed destination; traffickers exploit their victims, and the victims are not free to leave); (3) Transnationality (smuggling always involves crossing an international border; trafficking may occur domestically or cross international borders.
What does “exploitation” include?
(1) the prostitution of others for commercial sexual acts, (2) forced labor or services, (3) slavery or practices similar to slavery, (4) servitude, (5) removal of organs, (6) forced organ removal
When does the prior consent of a victim become irrelevant?
When force, fraud, or coercion are used to exploit the person who had originally consented to being transported from one place to another and their freedom to leave is taken away, or when the victim is under the age of 18.
What is human smuggling?
A multibillion-dollar industry for transnational criminal organizations; it threatens U.S. border security and public safety; deliberately evades immigration laws; a gateway crime for illegal immigration, identity theft, document and benefit fraud, gang activity, financial fraud, and terrorism; driving purpose is money
How does human smuggling generally work?
Smugglers exploit legitimate trade routes to bring people into the U.S.; use vehicles, boats, tractor-trailers, boxcars on trains, automobiles and trucks that are transported as cargo on trains; provide fake identification documents, co-opting government officials, altering and falsifying government documents, and stealing identities; charge persons an outrageous amount of money to smuggle them to their requested destination; often unsafe conditions
What is the impact of human smuggling?
Security risks; trap the smuggled persons in trafficking; health risks due to unsanitary conditions; economic costs to migrants and their families; transit countries incur overstressed medical resources, social services, and law enforcement resources as the smuggled groups pass through their countries
What is HSI’s response to human smuggling?
HSI focuses on criminal investigations into smuggling networks that pose national security and public safety risks, jeopardize lives, or engage in violence, abuse, or extortion.
Is a trafficking victim a prostitute?
A trafficking victim cannot be a prostitute; they are a victim of rape
What is sex tourism?
Travel to a foreign country for sexual gratification
