Human Skeletal system

Question 1

how many bones in the human body

Answer 1

206 bone

Question 2

how much does the skeletal system weight

Answer 2

15% of the body weight

Question 3

musculoskeletal system function

Answer 3

determine the shape
of an organism,
supports other organs,
allows for movement.

Question 4

bones are held together by

Answer 4

ligaments

Question 5

bones are attached to muscles by

Answer 5

tendons

Question 6

replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue

Answer 6

bone remoddeling

Question 7

cells that produce collagen and other organic components, become trapped in these secretions

Answer 7

osteoblasts

Question 8

mature osteoblasts

Answer 8

osteocytes

Question 9

large cells that break down bone

Answer 9

osteoclasts

Question 10

bone break down by osteoclasts

Answer 10

bone resorption

Question 11

how many times does bone remodeling replace replace bones in an average human lifetime

Answer 11

10 times

Question 12

bone remodeling is a balance between

Answer 12

bone deposition and bone resorption

Question 13

if too much mineral deposited in bones

Answer 13

surplus bone tissue forms thick bumps called bone spurs that can interfere with the movement of joints

Question 14

if too much bone resorbed

Answer 14

bones become weak and overly susceptible to fracture

Question 15

a progressive bone disease that reduces both the mineral and organic portions of bone increasing the risk of fracture

Answer 15

osteoporosis

Question 16

what is the common cause of osteoporosis

Answer 16

prolonged disuse of muscles

Question 17

what helps maintain bone mass

Answer 17

the force produced by active skeletal muscle contractions

Question 18

what happens when muscles are not used

due to paralysis or illness

Answer 18

bone mass declines

Question 19

another causes for osteoporosis

Answer 19

hormonal imbalances

Question 20

osteoporosis affect women more than men by

Answer 20

4 times

Question 21

hormones that stimulate bone formation

Answer 21

estrogen

Question 22

what causes bone density to decrease and increase the risk of bone fractures when a woman’s reproductive cycle ceases

Answer 22

decline in estrogen levels

Question 23

osteoporosis symptoms and result

Answer 23

no symptoms

increase the risk of bone fracture

Question 24

how can osteoporosis be slowed

down

Answer 24

adequate calcium and vit D intake
weight bearing exercises
and sometimes hormonal replacement therapy for postmenopausal women

Question 25

how many bones in the axial skeleton

Answer 25

80 bones

Question 26

how many bones in skull

Answer 26

22 bones: 8 cranial 14 facial

Question 27

list all bones in axial skeleton

Answer 27

``` 22 bones in the skull (8 cranial + 14 facial) 6 ear ossicles (3 in each ear) 1 hyoid bone in the neck 26 bones in the vertebral column 25 bones in the thoracic cage ```

Question 28

how many bones are there in the vertebral column

Answer 28

26 bones

Question 29

how many bones are there in the thoracic cage

Answer 29

``` 24 ribs (12 pairs) 1 chest bone (sternum) ```

Question 30

what are the cranial bones

Answer 30

``` frontal bone (single) occipital bone (single) ethmoid bone (single) sphenoid bone (single) parietal bone (pair) temporal bone (pair) ```

Question 31

large, oval-shaped opening in the | occipital bone of the skull

Answer 31

foramen magnum (Latin: great hole)

Question 32

what passes through the foramen | magnum as it exits the cranial cavity

Answer 32

the spinal cord

Question 33

fibrous joints connecting the bones of | the skull

Answer 33

cranial sutures

Question 34

what are the sutures (immovable joints)

Answer 34

coronal suture sagittal suture lambdoid suture squamous suture

Question 35

what are the facial bones

Answer 35

``` nasal bones (2) inferior nasal conchae (2) vomer zygomatic bones (2) lacrimal bones (2) maxillae (2) mandible palatine bones (2) ```

Question 36

the cartilage and bone in the nose that divides the nasal cavity (inside your nose) into a right and left side

Answer 36

nasal septum

Question 37

composition of the nasal septum:

Answer 37

4 structure: - perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone - septal cartilage - vomer - maxillary bone (the crest)

Question 38

U-shaped bone situated at the root of the tongue in the front of the neck and between the lower jaw and the largest cartilage of the larynx, or voice box

Answer 38

hyoid bone

Question 39

``` the only bone in humans that does not articulate with any other bone, but only has muscular, ligamentous, and cartilaginous attachments ```

Answer 39

hyoid bone

Question 40

what are the bones in the vertebral column

Answer 40

``` 7 cervical vertebrae 12 thoracic vertebrae 5 lumbar vertebrae 1 sacrum 1 coccygeal vertebrae ```

Question 41

an exaggeration of | the convex curve of the lumbar region, resulting in a swayback condition

Answer 41

Lordosis (hollow back)

Question 42

an exaggeration of the concave curve of the thoracic region, resulting in a hunchback condition

Answer 42

Kyphosis (hump back)

Question 43

abnormal lateral and rotational curvature of the vertebral | column, which is often accompanied by secondary abnormal curvatures, such as kyphosis

Answer 43

Scoliosis

Question 44

thoracic ribs

Answer 44

7 true ribs 3 false ribs 2 floating ribs

Question 45

connections between ribs and sternum

Answer 45

coastal cartilages

Question 46

the sternum composition

Answer 46

3 fused: - manubrium - body - xiphoid process

Question 47

how many bones in appendicular skeleton

Answer 47

126

Question 48

main divisions of appendicular skeleton

Answer 48

1. Pectoral girdles 2. Upper limbs 3. Pelvic girdle 4. Lower limbs

Question 49

pectoral griddle consists of

Answer 49

(we have 2 pectoral griddles each consisting of:) - cavicle - scapula

Question 50

composition of the upper limb

Answer 50

``` Arm -humerus Forearm -ulna -radius Hand -carpals (wrist) 8 -metacarpals (palm) 5 -Phalanges (fingers) 14 ```

Question 51

hoe many bones are there in one hand

Answer 51

27 bone

Question 52

A cartilaginous joint that keeps the two bones of the pelvis together and steady during activity

Answer 52

pubic symphysis

Question 53

why in females, the pubic symphysis is broader than it is in males

Answer 53

because the female pelvis is adapted for childbirth

Question 54

composition of the lower limb

Answer 54

1. Femur (Thigh) 2. Patella (Kneecap) - Leg 3. Tibia 4. Fibula - Foot (26) 5. Tarsals (7 bones) 6. Metatarsals (5 bones) 7. Phalanges (14 bones) 30*2

Question 55

Classification of joints

Answer 55

1. Immovable 2. Slightly movable 3. Freely movable: Synovial joints

Question 56

what are sutures (immovable joints made of)

Answer 56

fibrous connective tissue

Question 57

examples of slightly movable joints

Answer 57

invertebral discs | pubic symphysis

Question 58

Hinge joint (knee joint) is what type of joint

Answer 58

freely movable joint (synovial joint)

Question 59

common feature of a synovial joint

Answer 59

``` ▪ Synovial Membrane: o Lines the fibrous capsule o Secretes lubricating synovial fluid ▪ The fibrous capsule and ligaments function to stabilize synovial joints ▪ Ligaments: o Located outside the capsule ```

Question 60

Types of movement at the synovial joints (angular movements)

Answer 60

* Flexion * Extension * Hyperextension * Abduction * Adduction * Circumduction