Human sexual reproductive system

Question 1

Define heredity.

Answer 1

Heredity refers to the passing down of genetic material from one generation to the next.

Question 2

What is a genetic disorder?

Answer 2

A genetic disorder is a condition or disease that is caused by an abnormality in the genetic material of an individual.

Question 3

What are some examples of genetic disorders?

Answer 3

Albinism, thalassemia, sickle cell anemia and cystic fibrosis.

Question 4

What is puberty?

Answer 4

Puberty is the process where the body undergoes various physical changes and matures sexually.

Question 5

What are changes that males go through during puberty?

Answer 5

Height and weight increase, voice deepens, facial hair, armpit hair and pubis hair around sex organs appear, muscle strength increases, production of sperm begins.

Question 6

What are changes that females go through during puberty?

Answer 6

Height and weight increase, breasts begin to develop, hips become broader and rounder, armpit hair and pubic hair around sex organs appear, maturation of eggs and menstruation begins.

Question 7

What are the parts of the male reproductive system?

Answer 7

testis, scrotum, sperm duct, penis, urethra, sex glands

Question 8

Describe the testis.

Answer 8

Produces sperms and male sex hormones such as testosterone.

Question 9

Describe the scrotum.

Answer 9

Pouch like sac which hold testes outside the body cavity for sperm to develop at a slightly lower temperature than the body temperature.

Question 10

Describe the sperm duct.

Answer 10

The pathway travelled by the sperm after they are released from the testes. Carries sperm from the testes to the urethra.

Question 11

Describe the sex glands.

Answer 11

Consist of seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Cowper’s gland. Produce nutrient fluid to nourish the sperm. Mixture of sperm and fluid is called semen.

Question 12

Describe the urethra.

Answer 12

A tube that allows sperm to pass through during ejaculation. Also allows urine and semen to be removed from the body.

Question 13

Describe the penis.

Answer 13

Deposits semen containing sperm into the vagina during ejaculation.

Question 14

What are the parts of the female reproductive system?

Answer 14

ovary, oviduct, uterus, cervix and vagina

Question 15

Describe the ovary.

Answer 15

Produces eggs and female sex hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone.

Question 16

Describe the oviduct

Answer 16

Conducts the egg released from the ovary to the uterus. Fertilisation usually takes place here.

Question 17

Describe the uterus.

Answer 17

A muscular organ where an embryo develops into a fetus during pregnancy. Contains the uterine lining, which thickens to prepare for implantation and breaks down when no fertilisation occurs. Muscular walls enable contractions during birth to expel the fetus.

Question 18

Describe the cervix.

Answer 18

The circular ring of muscle at the lower end of the end of the uterus. Connects the uterus to the vagina.

Question 19

Describe the vagina.

Answer 19

Site where sperm is deposited during sexual intercourse. Also known as the birth canal.

Question 20

What is fertilisation?

Answer 20

Fertilisation is thee fusion of the male and female sex cells to from a zygote.

Question 21

What happens on the first five days of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 21

Menstruation occurs. The duration of menstruation varies among individuals.

Question 22

What happens on day six to nine of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 22

The uterine lining repairs and thickens. This prepares the uterus for the implantation of the embryo if fertilisation occurs.

Question 23

What happens on day ten to fifteen of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 23

This is women’s fertile period and having sexual intercourse is likely to result in pregnancy. On day 14, ovulation occurs when the ovary releases an egg into the oviduct. The uterine lining continues to thicken.

Question 24

What happens on day 16 to 28 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 24

The thickness of the uterine lining maintains. If no fertilisation occurs, menstruation will occur after day 28.

Question 25

What are examples of substance abuse?

Answer 25

Smoking, overconsumption of alcohol and abuse of controlled drugs e.g. cocaine, cannabis and heroin.

Question 26

What are the effects of substance abuse on the fetus?

Answer 26

Babies may be born premature, Babies may be born with low birth weights and thus underdeveloped immune systems. Babies may develop health problem later in life such as respiratory problems, obesity and diabetes. Alcohol consumption and abuse of drugs can lead to physical, intellectual and behavioral challenges in the child.

Question 27

What are the different birth control methods?

Answer 27

Rhythm method, spermicide, condoms, diaphragm, inanterine device and birth control pills

Question 28

What are the permanent birth control methods?

Answer 28

Vasectomy and tubal ligation

Question 29

What is abortion?

Answer 29

Abortion is a deliberate termination of a pregnancy.

Question 30

What are the consequences of abortion?

Answer 30

-Damage to the uterus which may lead to infertility
-Infection after the procedure
-Emotional problems due to feelings of guilt.

Question 31

Explain how rhythm method prevents pregnancy.

Answer 31

Prevents sperms from meeting the egg and therefore fertilisation.

Question 32

Explain how spermicide prevents pregnancy.

Answer 32

Kills sperms at the vagina and therefore prevents fertilisation.

Question 33

Explain how condoms prevent pregnancy.

Answer 33

Prevents sperms from being deposited into the vagina. Prevent spread of sexually transmitted infections.

Question 34

Explain how the diaphragm prevents pregnancy.

Answer 34

Prevents sperms from entering the uterus nd therefore fertilisation.

Question 35

Explain how the intrauterine device prevents pregnancy.

Answer 35

Prevents sperms from reaching the egg, and therefore pregnancy. Prevents implantation of embryo.

Question 36

Explain how birth control pills prevent pregnancy.

Answer 36

Prevents ovulation and therefore fertilisation.

Question 37

Describe vasectomy.

Answer 37

Involves surgically cutting and tying part of the sperm ducts. Sperms are not ejaculated during sexual intercourse. Any sperms produced are eventually broken down in the testes.

Question 38

Describe tubal ligation.

Answer 38

Involves surgically cutting and tying both oviducts. Eggs released from the ovaries cannot meet sperm and be fertilised.