Human Sciences Flashcards

0
Q

Behaviorism

A

the doctrine that the objective acts of persons and animals are the chief or only subject matter of scientific psychology.

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1
Q

Bear Market

A

a market in which more traders on a stock exchange want to sell than want to buy, with the result that prices of stocks fall.

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2
Q

Bias

A

a slanting or oblique line

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3
Q

Bull Market

A

a generally rising market.

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4
Q

Free Will

A

is whether, and in what sense, rational agents exercise control over their actions and decisions

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5
Q

Going native

A

an assimilation process of abandoning former social norms

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6
Q

Holism

A

is the idea that all the properties of a given system (biological, chemical, social, economic, mental, linguistic, etc.) cannot be determined or explained by the sum of its component parts alone. Instead, the system as a whole determines in an important way how the parts behave.

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7
Q

Human free will

A

understand free will as the capacity unique to persons that allows them to control their actions.

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8
Q

Law of large numbers

A

a theorem in probability that describes the long-term stability of a random variable. Given a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables with a finite population mean and variance, the average of these observations will eventually approach and stay close to the population mean.

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9
Q

Loaded question

A

these facts are presupposed by the question, and if it has not been agreed upon by the speakers before, the question is improper, and the fallacy of many questions has been committed.

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10
Q

Mirror Test

A

​The test gauges self-awareness by determining whether an animal can recognize its own reflection in a mirror as an image of itself.

1970 Gordon “The Gorilla” Gallup Jr.

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11
Q

Nature v Nature

A

relative importance of an individual’s innate qualities (“nature”) versus personal experiences (“nurture”) in determining or causing individual differences in physical and behavioral traits. T

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12
Q

Observer Effect

A

how people change their behavior when aware of being watched (see Hawthorne effect).

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13
Q

Phillips Curve

A

an historical inverse relation and tradeoff between the rate of unemployment and the rate of inflation in an economy.

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14
Q

post hoc ergo proper hoc fallacy

A

assumes or asserts that if one event happens after another, then the first must be the cause of the second.

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15
Q

Reactance

A

a motivational reaction to offers, persons, rules, or regulations that threaten or eliminate specific behavioral freedoms.

16
Q

Reductionism

A

to imply the unity of science

17
Q

Reduction Fallacy

A

a type of logical argument where one assumes a claim for the sake of argument, derives an absurd or ridiculous outcome, and then concludes that the original assumption must have been wrong as it led to an absurd result. It makes use of the law of non-contradiction — a statement cannot be both true and false.

18
Q

Stream of Consciousness

A

is thinking in words. It also refers to the semi-constant internal monologue one has with oneself at a conscious or semi-conscious level.