Human Rights Quiz 2

Question 1

Which concept emphasizes equal access to participation in decision-making?

Answer 1

Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC)

Question 2

Which event is considered a key moment in the rise of the environmental justice movement?

Answer 2

Warren County Protests, 1982

Question 3

What year was the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples passed?

Answer 3

2007

Question 4

Which group is disproportionately targeted as environmental defenders?

Answer 4

Indigenous Peoples

Question 5

How does the precautionary principle apply to environmental justice?

Answer 5

Advocates taking preventative action in the face of uncertainty

Question 6

True or False: ILO convention No. 169 requires countries to consult with Indigenous Peoples on issues affecting them

Answer 6

True

Question 7

True or False: Is UNDRIP a legally binding treaty?

Answer 7

False

Question 8

What does ILO Convention No. 169 focus on regarding Indigenous Peoples?

Answer 8

Land rights and self- determination

Question 9

What is one key principle of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)

Answer 9

Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC)

Question 10

What were the two separate worlds in Australia during the mid- 20th century?

Answer 10

Indigenous vs. non-Indigenous Australians

Question 11

What was a key issue faced by Aboriginal Australians in the 1950s?

Answer 11

State-imposed restrictions on residence and marriage

Question 12

What major shift occurred in Aboriginal rights movement in the 1970s?

Answer 12

A move from human rights advocacy to self- determination

Question 13

Which organization was among the first to highlight the violations of Aboriginal rights?

Answer 13

Council for Aboriginal Rights (CAR)

Question 14

Why was the Aboriginal Tent Embassy established in 1972?

Answer 14

To demand sovereignty and land rights

Question 15

What was a primary critique of the UN Declaration of Indigenous Peoples Rights (UNDRIP)?

Answer 15

It was not legally binding

Question 16

What was the key fears states had regarding the term “self -determination” in UNDRIP?

Answer 16

That it could imply a right to statehood

Question 17

Which international body played a key role in recognizing Indigenous Rights through conventions?

Answer 17

International Labor Organization (ILO)

Question 18

What was a limitation os UNDRIP regarding Indigenous sovereignty?

Answer 18

It subordinated Indigenous rights to state sovereignty

Question 19

Which 1989 convention replaced ILO convention No. 107?

Answer 19

convention No. 169

Question 20

What is the definition of Environmental justice in the U.S?

Answer 20

Equal access to environmental benefits and protections

Question 21

Which movement played a major role in shaping environmental justice?

Answer 21

Civil Rights Movement

Question 22

What was a key event that helped launch the environmental justice movement in the U.S?

Answer 22

the Warren County protests in 1982

Question 23

what is the ‘polluter pays’ principle?

Answer 23

A rule that polluting companies must compensate affected communities

Question 24

Which global agreement recognizes Indigenous Peoples’ land rights?

Answer 24

UNDRIP

Question 25

What percentage of the world's conflicts occur in biodiversity areas where Indigenous people live?

Answer 25

80%

Question 26

What is Free, Prior and Informed Consent? (FPIC)

Answer 26

A requirement obtaining consent from Indigenous Peoples before projects on their lands

Question 27

Why are Indigenous Peoples considered 'guardians of their lands'?

Answer 27

Because they have traditional knowledge of sustainable land management

Question 28

Which case was a landmark in Indigenous land rights in Nicaragua?

Answer 28

The Mayagna Community Case

Question 29

Which court ruled in favor of the Mayagna Community in Nicaragua?

Answer 29

The Inter-American Court of Human Rights

Question 30

Which document was cited by the Council for Aboriginal Rights (CAR) to highlight infringements against Aboriginal People?

Answer 30

The UDHR

Question 31

Which referendum was a turning point for Indigenous rights in Australia?

Answer 31

The 1967 Referendum

Question 32

Why did Indigenous activists criticize early human rights discourse?

Answer 32

It ignored the unique cultural and political identities of Indigenous peoples

Question 33

Who was a prominent Indigenous activist that rejected assimilation and promoted cultural identity?

Answer 33

Oodgeroo Noonuccal

Question 34

What does article 46 of UNDRIP do?

Answer 34

Subordinates Indigenous rights to the existing nation-state system

Question 35

What international forum has Indigenous activists used to advocate for their rights globally?

Answer 35

The U.N

Question 36

Which of the following countries initially opposed UNDRIP?

Answer 36

Australia

Question 37

Which factor has historically limited Indigenous sovereignty in international law?

Answer 37

The prioritization of state sovereignty in legal frameworks

Question 38

What was the Gabčikovo-Nagymaros Project?

Answer 38

A dam project between Hungary and Slovakia that led to an international legal dispute

Question 39

what was the international issue associated with the Gabčikovo-Nagymaros project?

Answer 39

It caused severe ecological problems by diverting the Danube River's water flow

Question 40

what was Slovakia's response when Hungary abandoned the project?

Answer 40

Slovakia proceeded with a unilateral version of the project, known as "Variant C"

Question 41

What was the ruling os the ICJ in the Gabčikovo-Nagymaros case?

Answer 41

It ruled that both countries needed to cooperate in finding a new solution

Question 42

Why was the Gabčikovo-Nagymaros case considered significant in international environmental law?

Answer 42

It was the first major case where the ICJ addressed international environmental concerns

Question 43

What is the ICJ?

Answer 43

The principle judicial organ of the U.N

Question 44

When was the ICJ established?

Answer 44

1945

Question 45

How are ICj judges selected?

Answer 45

They are selected by the UN Gen Assembly and the Security Council

Question 46

what types of disputes does the ICJ handle?

Answer 46

Land and maritime boundaries, uses of force, and human rights cases

Question 47

Who are the Ojiek people and what is their struggle centered on?

Answer 47

An Indigenous group in the Mau Forest fighting for land rights

Question 48

What landmark ruling did the African Court of Human and People's rights make regarding the Ogiek People?

Answer 48

It ruled that the Kenyan government violated the Ogiek people's rights by expelling them from their ancestral lands

Question 49

What compensation did the African Court order the Kenyan government to pay the Ogiek people?

Answer 49

157,850,000 Kenyan shillings for material and moral losses