Human Respiratory System

Question 1

What are the external nostrils connected to?

Answer 1

The external nostrils open into a nasal chamber through the nasal passage.

Question 2

What is the function of the pharynx?

Answer 2

The pharynx serves as a common passage for food and air.

Question 3

What is the larynx and its function?

Answer 3

The larynx is a cartilaginous box that helps in sound production, hence called the sound box.

Question 4

What prevents food from entering the larynx during swallowing?

Answer 4

The glottis can be covered by a thin elastic cartilaginous flap called the epiglottis.

Question 5

What does the trachea divide into?

Answer 5

The trachea divides into a right and left primary bronchi at the level of the 5th thoracic vertebra.

Question 6

What structures do bronchioles end in?

Answer 6

Bronchioles end in very thin terminal bronchioles.

Question 7

What supports the trachea and bronchi?

Answer 7

The trachea, primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi, and initial bronchioles are supported by incomplete cartilaginous rings.

Question 8

What are alveoli?

Answer 8

Alveoli are very thin, regular-walled, vascularized bag-like structures formed from terminal bronchioles.

Question 9

What comprises the lungs?

Answer 9

The branching network of bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli comprise the lungs.

Question 10

What covers the lungs?

Answer 10

The lungs are covered by a double-layered pleura with pleural fluid between them.

Question 11

What is the function of pleural fluid?

Answer 11

Pleural fluid reduces friction on the lung surface.

Question 12

Where is the outer pleural membrane located?

Answer 12

The outer pleural membrane is in close contact with the thoracic wall.

Question 13

What are the two parts of the respiratory system?

Answer 13

The conducting part and the exchange part.

The conducting part transports air to the alveoli, while the exchange part is where gas diffusion occurs.

Question 14

What is the function of the conducting part of the respiratory system?

Answer 14

It transports atmospheric air to the alveoli, clears it from foreign particles, humidifies it, and brings it to body temperature.

Question 15

What occurs in the exchange part of the respiratory system?

Answer 15

The actual diffusion of O2 and CO2 between blood and atmospheric air.

Question 16

Where are the lungs situated?

Answer 16

In the thoracic chamber, which is an anatomically air-tight chamber.

Question 17

What forms the thoracic chamber?

Answer 17

Dorsally by the vertebral column, ventrally by the sternum, laterally by the ribs, and on the lower side by the diaphragm.

Question 18

How does the anatomical setup of the lungs affect breathing?

Answer 18

Any change in the volume of the thoracic cavity will be reflected in the lung (pulmonary) cavity.

Question 19

What are the steps involved in respiration?

Answer 19

1. Breathing (pulmonary ventilation)
2. Diffusion of gases across the alveolar membrane
3. Transport of gases by the blood
4. Diffusion of gases between blood and tissues.

Question 20

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 20

Utilisation of O2 by the cells for catabolic reactions and resultant release of CO2.

Question 21

What are the two stages of breathing?

Answer 21

Inspiration (drawing in atmospheric air) and expiration (releasing alveolar air).

Question 22

We can directly alter the pulmonary volume

Answer 22

False we cannot directly enter the pulmonary volume any change in thoracic cavity will reflected pulmonary cavity