human resources principles 2 Flashcards
360 Reviews
hard to conclude anything when there are conflicting results
6 appraisal cautions
recency strict or leniency halo similar to me bias central- in the middle
ADR- Alternate Dispute Resolution
Step Review Peer Review Open Door Ombudsmen Mediation
Arbitration
Settling of disputes between two parties by an impartial third party whose decision the contending parties agree to accept
Typically a retired judge
both sides have an opening statement, present their cases and provide evidence and closing statements
can save litigation costs but is still expensive
avoid time delays and unfavourable publicity
Arbitration- What are the four factors used to make a decision
The wording of the collective agreement
the submission agreement
testimony and evidence offered
arbitration criteria and standards from other cases
Authorization card
Statement signed by the employee authorizing the union to act as their representation for the purpose of collective bargaining
Job Analysis should always be
Must be competency Based- skilled
Balance Sheet Approach
A compensation system designed to match the purchasing power in a persons HOME country
Balanced scorecard
A measurement framework that helps managers translate strategic goals into operational objectives
method to measure a firms strategic alignment
tools for mapping a firms strategy in order to ensure strategic alignment
Bargaining in good faith
Meet at reasonable times and places negotiate with competent representatives that have authority to make decisions submit realistic proposals offer counter proposals negotiate with an open mind
Bargaining Zone
The area within which the union and the employer are willing to concede when bargaining
Behavioural Approaches to Performance Appraisals
Critical Incidents- Record unusual events that denotes superior or inferior performance
Checklists- Check statements on a list that describes characteristics of the employee
BARS- Vertical Scales one for each dimension of the job performance
BOS- frequency of an observable behaviour- 20% of the time
Behavioural Description Interview
An Interview in which an applicant is asked questions about what they did in an ACTUAL WORK Situation
BONA FIDE Occupational Qualification
A justifiable reason for discrimination based on a business reason of safety and effectiveness- It can permit discrimination by the employer
Burnout
The most severe stage of distress, manifesting itself in depression, frustration and loss of productivity
Systems approach to training uses what for its analysis
Training needs to analyze- Organization, Task, Person
Business Agent
Normally a paid labour official responsible for negotiating and administering the collective agreement and working to resolve union members problems
Changing HR managers Roles focusing on
Basic Services like selection, policy development, employee advocacy & advice
Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Federal- guarantees 6 basic rights- Prevents the discrimination on the basis of sex, race, ethnic origin, colour, religion, orientation and martial status and citizenship
CLC
Canadian Labour Congress-Governing body for labour unions in Canada- Provide professional and financial assistance during organizing drives& strikes, help negotiate agreements and training union leaders
most important reasons to purchase a training program
Cost
Volume of people
Co-determination
Representation of labour on the board of directors of a company
Collective agreement
Ontario Labour Relations ACT
The rights of workers to organize into unions and collective
Contract bargained by unions is a collective agreement
Collective agreement’s impact on management
can erode management rights over time
reduce the ability to make decisions about scheduling, transfers, promotions, training
Collective Bargaining Process
Prepare for negotiations- collect data, review past mistakes, identify priorities, economic data, internal grievances, disciplinary actions, transfers
Organize Bargain Teams- identify who is on the team
Develop bargaining strategies and tactics- understand the oppositions responses, list demands, limits of concessions
Negotiate the collective agreement- could use Interest based bargaining- WIN WIN
Formalize the Collective agreement- becomes a formal binding document under which employees and management must operate
common law
Judges decisions- implied terms of employment unless written in the contract
Company Bargaining Power
Continue production through using replacement workers or managers, technology or having over supply ready before the strike
Competencies Model of Human Resource Managers
Mastery of Change, Mastery of HR, Mastery of Business and Personal Credibility
Competency Assessment
Access the Set of Skills, Knowledge and Abilities to be successful- Good process to use for decision oriented & knowledge intensive jobs
Condemnation
Failure to deal with unacceptable behaviour is viewed a tacit approval or condemnation
It make it more difficult to address the situation later, it could be seen as a mitigating factor and impact the ability to appeal or defend
Constructive dismissal
when a employer commits a fundamental breach of the employment contract such as unilaterally changing the key terms of the contract- the employee can treat the breach as a termination
Core Values
The strong enduring beliefs and principles used by the company to make decisions
What is Job Analysis-
Obtaining information about the jobs by determining duties tasks or activities of those jobs- The study of the jobs currently being performed
Craft unions
Unions that represent skilled craft workers- carpenters, plumbers
Defined Benefit Plan
Pension plan which the amount the employee is to receive on retirement is specifically set forth
Defined Contribution Plan
Pension plan that establishes the basis on which the employer will contribute to the pension fund
What is Job Specification
A statement of the needed knowledge, skills and abilities of the person who is to perform the job example: the grocery cashier must: Know how to work the cash register, know the rules of the store and know basic math
Designated groups
women
Aboriginals
People with Disabilities
Visible Minorities
Dismissals of NON-UNION EMPLOYEES
Implied terms permitting the employer to terminate an employee for any reason, or no reason at all ) subject to discrimination) by simply giving the correct amount of NOTICE
Either the employee or Employer can terminate
Employers can terminate WITHOUT notice if the employee committed a serious breach of the contract
The EMPLOYEE can only sue the Employer in the COURTS for breach of contract- Will not be reinstated
Dismissals of UNION EMPLOYEES
COMMON LAW doesn’t apply
Employer must give JUST CAUSE or PERMANENT layoff
Managers must keep careful record of the misconduct
The Employee can file a grievance alleging the collective agreement
Arbitrator will be used if they can’t resolve or settle the issue
It is common for reinstatement of the employee using the grievance and arbitration process
Arbitrator will use the employees length of derive, past disciplinary, personal circumstances, impact of the dismissal on their lives and what has happen to other employees in similar circumstances
Trend Analysis is what type of analysis
Quantitative analysis- statistical based
Management Forecasts is what type of analysis
Qualitative -opinions, judgements,of experts or managers
Distress
Harmful Stress- Characterized by loss of feelings of security and adequacy
Diversity management
The optimization of an organizations multi cultural workplace to reach business objectives- Leadership NOT HR must drive the diversity program- Business Imperative to initiate the Diversity Policy
Effects of implementing an Employment Equity Program
Broadens the base of qualified individuals for employment, training and promotions
Reduces cost related to human rights violation penalties
Enhances the organizations ability to keep and attract the best qualified people
Increases employee morale to do flexible work schedules and work sharing
Improves the companies image- employer of choice
Employee Associations
NOT A UNION- but act like one- represent various groups of professionals & white collar employees
Employee Leasing
Process of dismissing employees who are then hired by a leasing company and contracting with that company to lease back those employees PEO
Employer Duties for H&S
Proactive role in protecting the H&S of workers
Provide a hazard free work environment
Inform employees about H&S requirements
Take disciplinary action when failure to comply
Provide adequate training
Provide annual summary of work related accidents and illness
Report aLL Deaths at the workplace immediately
Employment at Will doctrine
This is the presumption that employment is for an indefinite period of time and the employee or employer may terminate the employment relationship for any reason
Employment Equity
The employment of individuals in a fair and non biased manner
Employment equity protection- federal
The employment Equity Act of 1995
Canadian Human Rights Act- fines up to 50,000
Federal Contractors program- for business that secure federal contracts of 200,000
Employment equity protection- provincial
Ontario Human rights code
Environmental Scanning
Systematic Scanning of major external forces influences the organization Economic Technology Demographic social legal
Escalator Clause
Clauses in a collective agreement that provide for quarterly cost of living adjustments in wages, basing the adjustments on the consumer price index
Eustress
Positive Stress that accompanies achievement and exhulation
Examples of safety hazards
fatigue, distracted driving, workplace violence
Expectancy theory
one’s level of motivation depends on the attractiveness of the rewards sought and the probability of obtaining those rewards
Flow Data
Data that provides a profile of the employment decisions affecting designated groups
Global Compensation System-
Centralized pay system whereby the host country employees are offered the full range of training programs , benefits, and pay comparable to the firms domestic employees but adjusted for local differences
Global Corporations
A firm that has integrated worldwide operations through a centralized home office
Hay profile method- Evaluation of jobs
The level of :
Accountability
Knowledge- Know how
Mental Activity- problem solving
Health and safety Committee
Identifies hazards but it is the Employers responsibility to ensure workers are aware
How to conduct a performance evaluation
Ask for self evaluation Invite participation Express appreciation Be supportive and demonstrate that you care minimize criticism Establish goals Follow up Day to day Focus on behaviour not the person
How to create a safe workplace
Promote Safety awareness
enforce safety rules
ensure accidents are investigated
keep safety records
train- workplace violence,ppe, accident prevention techniques
controlling Eliminating hazards
Create a healthily work environment- ergonomics, wellness plans
How to Enrich jobs
BY Job rotation, Task identity- working as a team to be efficient- feedback - customer satisfaction
How to implement Pay equity programs
Compare work of female dominated job classes to the value of work performed in male dominated jobs
compere by ACCOUNTABILITY SKILL EFFORT WORKING CONDITIONS
How to increase motivation of Employees
Use job enrichment, promotion, coaching, feedback & rewards
HRIS
A computerized system that provides current and accurate data for organizational decisions
Human Capital
The knowledge, skills and capabilities of individuals that have economic value to the organization- note To build Human capital- Always hire the Best and Brightest individuals available
Human Resources Functions
Recruitment Selection Training &Development Performance Appraisals Compensation Management
Human Resources Planning
The process of anticipating and providing for the movement of people into, within and out of the organization- The purpose is to help managers deploy their human resources effectively as possible where and when they are needed to accomplish the organizations goals
Impact Unions have on Management
Management rights can be eroded over time through successful union negotiations
supervisors work with the collective agreement on a daily basis and must base all decisions on aligning with the collective agreement
supervisors must be able to demonstrate JUST CAUSE in disciplinary decisions- most will be overturned during the grievance process and the supervisor will lose creditability
Restrict managements ability to decide scheduling, transfers, promotion training
management may lose the ability to hire who they wish or fire people that are good workers because they must belong to the union
Implementing an Employment Equity Program
Senior Management must be committed- one person in charge- formal documentation
Data collection and Analysis- develop internal workforce profile, voluntary employee self identification, stock and flow data
Employment Systems review- recruitment, training and development, job classifications, hiring
Establish a work plan-how internal workforce will be brought into line with external representation
Implementation- implement and be accountable for outcomes
Evaluate and monitor- progress set goals
Industrial Disease
A disease resulting from exposure to substance related to a articular process , trade or occupation in industry
Industrial Relations
Broad interdisciplinary field of study and practice that encompasses all aspects of the employment relationship
Refers to the laws duties and employer and labour union obligations
Industrial Unions
Unions that represent unskilled and semi skilled workers employed along industry lines- Canadian Postal workers
Interest Based Bargaining
WIN WIN- Development of a positive long term relationship NON Adversarial
Internal Labour Management
Labour markets which workers are hired into entry level jobs and higher levels are filled from within
International Corporation
Domestic firm that doesn’t change their operations but adapts their products to overseas markets- Uses existing capabilities to move to overseas markets- HONDA, GE
Intrinsic
Internal
ISD- Instructional System Design
Needs Analysis
Training Design and Delivery
Training Evaluation
Job Characteristics that motivate employees
Meaningfulness of work Responsible for work outcomes Knowledge of results Skill variety Task significance Task identity Autonomy feedback
Job Design
An Outgrowth of job analysis that improves the jobs through technological & human consideration to enhance the organization efficiency and employee job satisfaction
Job enrichment
Enhancing a job by adding more meaningful tasks and duties to make the work more rewarding & satisfying
Job Ranking
Jobs ranked based on their worth
Joint Health and Safety Committee
Partnership of management and Employees to maintain safe and secure workplace
More than 20 employee it is required
Fines up to $500,000 if not compliant
Labour relations
Is part of Industrial Relations
The study of ALL aspects of the Union Management relationship, bargaining rights, negotiations and administration of the collective agreement
Legislated Employee Rights in the workplace
The right to know
the right to refuse
The right to be part of the process
Legal Considerations for Appraisals
Performance ratings must be job related
Employees should have a written copy of their job standards
Employee performance should be observable
Supervisors should be trained on the appraisal process
Appeal process should be developed to voice disagreement
Managers should openly discuss performance with employees
Line Managers
NON HR Managers who are responsible for overseeing the work of other employees
Legislation governing H&S
Federally- Canada Labour Law- covers all federally regulated employees
Provincially- Workplace Safety and Insurance Act- Ministry of Labour
Management Rights Clauses
Management’s Authority is supreme in all matters except those conceded in the collective agreement or in those areas which it’s authority is restricted by Law
mediation
the use of an impartial third party- neutral to reach a compromise decision in employment disputes
Becoming very popular
the essence is compromise
gathers information from both sides, through discussion, suggestions and persuasion obtains an agreement that satisfies the needs and requirements of both sides
NO POWER or Authority to force either side toward an agreement
Parties maintain control over the settlement outcome
flexible and informal process
used in a wide variety of situations
Motivation
Exectancy( Outcome of working harder) X Instrumentality( comparable) X Valence (important to them)
Multidomestic Corporation
Fully autonomous units operating in multiple countries, great latitude to address local issues
Obstacles that the designated groups have faced in securing employment
high levels of unemployment in their groups
high concentration in low paying jobs
limited opportunity for promotions
Ombudsmen system
a designated individual from whom employees may seek council for resolution of their complaints
decisions are non binding
compromises are highly possible
problem solving approach
must operate in an atmosphere of confidentiality
Need to access top levee managers to ensure employees complaints receive fair treatment
listens to the complaint and attempts to resolve it by seeking an equitable solution between the employee and the supervisor
Outplacement services
Services provided by the organization to help terminated employees
Pay Equity Programs
Meant to eliminate the WAGE GAP-
Equal pay for Work of Equal value
Equal pay for similar work
Performance discussion should ensure that
there are no surprises
timely
focus on the individuals goals are inline with the organization
Performance discussions lead to discussion about
promotions succession planning
compensation rewards
disciplinary termination
career development
Performance Management
The process of creating a work environment in which people can perform to the best of their abilities
Performance Standards must have the following:
Strategic relevance-meaningful
Criterion deficiency- include the FULL range of the job
Criteria Contamination- the right criteria- affected by something
Reliability- standard is reliable is it is consistent overtime.
perquisites
special NON MONETARY benefits given to executives often referred as PERKS
Policy- HR Managers Ability regarding
HR Managers can propose policy formulation and implementation BUT Senior Executives ISSUE the policy
Position
The different duties and responsibilities performed by one employee
Positive Discipline
Focuses on early correction
Cooperative
Engage in joint discussion and problem solve to resolve employee problems
based on giving reminders rather than reprimands
Positive NON PUNITIVE Discipline
A system of discipline that focuses on early correction of the employees behaviour or misconduct- employee must take full responsibility for correcting the problem
Problem Solving Interviews
Format is proactive, listening accepting and responding to feelings- Seeks to obtain the BUY IN for mutually agreed upon ways to overcome the PROBLEM or OBSTACLES and improve the persons performance-
Process to Start a Union
Workers desire collective representation or UNION Drive
Union organizing Campaign- to get support
Application to the labour relations board and notification to the company
Certification or Recognition
Collective negotiations and administration of the agreement
Progressive discipline
Application of corrective measures by increasing degrees
Purpose of a Performance appraisal
Administrative- compensation, promotions, transfers of staff, training identification
Developmental- performance levels provide indicators where employees may be developed with their job or for other positions
HRM Indicators- Verify the success of various HRM initiatives, recruitment and training
Real Wages
Wage increases larger than the rise in the consumer price index, that is the real earning power of wages
Reasonable Accommodation
Undue Hardship
Attempt of employers to adjust to the working conditions or schedules of employees with disabilities and religions
Red Circle Rates
Outliers- Payment rates that above the maximum of the pay range- To correct- Promotions, job transfers
Reliability
Comparable data is stable and consistent OVER TIME
Relocation Services
Services provided to an employee who is transferred to a new location, which might include helping in moving cost, selling a home, orienting to a new culture and learning a new language
Responsibilities of the Supervisor H&S
Inform workers of potential hazards
ensure workers are wearing PPE
Provide written instructions where appropriate
ensure reasonable precautions are taken
Results Methods of performance appraisals
MBO- management by Objectives- SWOT analysis
based on their achievements of goals set mutually but them and their manager
Rights Arbitration
Arbitration over the interpretation of the meaning of the contract terms or employee work grievance
Severance Pay
A lump sum payment given to terminated employees by an employer at the time of an EMPLOYER initiated termination- soften the impact of unexpected termination
Situational Interview
An interview in which an applicant is given HYPOTHETICAL incidents and asked how they would respond to it
Stock Data
Data showing the status of designated groups in occupational categories and compensation levels
Statutory Regulations
Legislation that influences the employment relationship and co-exists with common law- CANNOT be contracted out
Statutory Rights
Legal entitlements that derive from government legislation
Steps in Developing a Performance systems
Consider: Performance Standards Legal Considerations Who should be appraised Training Appraisors
Steps in the Grievance Procedure
Union steward presents grievance other orally or written form to the step officer
Step officer is generally the employees immediate supervisor
The steps are outlined in the collective agreement
Stipulates the number of steps in the grievance process
who is responsible at each level for hearing the grievance
time limits for filing
managements response time limits
how binding decision is done at the final level of the process
successive steps
Steps of Progressive Disciplinary
Oral or Reprimand Written Warning Suspension without pay Dismissal INCREASES the degrees of corrective action
Strategic Human Resources Management
The pattern of Human Resources deployment and activities that enable an organization to achieve its strategic goals
Strategic Planning
Procedures for making decisions about the organizations longterm goals and strategies
Strategic Planning Process
Mission values vision External Analysis- Environment scanning Internal Analysis- succession planning.labour supply Formulating Strategy- SWOT Analysis Strategy Implementation Evaluation and assessment
Summary Dismissal
when a NON UNION Employer terminates an employee without notice because the employee has committed a serious breach of the contract
systemic Discrimination
The exclusion of members of certain groups through the application of employment practices/policies based on criteria that are not job related
Task Identity
The degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work
Tell and Listen
Supervisor delivers the strengths and weakness and allows the employee to talk about how they feel about the comments
Tell and Sell Appraiser Interview
Supervisor communicates the issue and uses persuasion to change the employees desired manner.
To reduce labour
Attrition
early retirement
Transnational
a Firm that attempts to balance local responsiveness and global scale via a network of specialized operating units
Trait Approaches to Performance Appraisals
Graphic Rating Scale- Most common- each employee is rated according to a scale of characteristics
Mix Standard Scales- Based on comparisons- better than, equal to , worse than
Force Choice Forms- Choose from statements that distinguish between successful or unsuccessful
essays- compose a statement
UNION bargaining POWER
Strikes, picketing, boycotting products
Union Shop
It is mandatory that all employees are part of the union in order to work there
Unions impact on HRM
HRM policies
Unions opinion of the Charter of freedom and rights
unions don’t like it because it does not allow them to strike or allow them the right to associate or to bargain collectively automatically
Validity
ACCURATE- the degree to which a concept or conclusion is well founded and corresponds accurately
Wage Rate Compression
When a less experienced worker earns as much or more than an experienced worker due to high starting salaries for new employees mostly due to scarcity of qualified applicants
What appraisers should be trained on
Appraisal plan- Objectives of performance appraisal system, the method the frequency and strengths and weaknesses of the program
Rater Error- Ensure they use reliable information to make decisions
How to provide feedback- How to give and receive feedback
What are performance appraisals used for
they are one tool organizations use to provide information to staff on how they are actually performing- it helps employees understand their roles objectives expectations and performance success
What are the 2 primary goals of Performance appraisals
Administrative and developmental
What are the characteristics of a good Performance appraisal
When the right information is gathered
simple to use
employees are confident they are used fairly
What do you use in Job Design
Uses Simplification, enrichment, relation & Enlargement to design jobs people like to do
What is Critical Incident method
Style of JOB Analysis- Which job tasks are identified for job success- Interview asking the employee to describe the job, how it is performed, what work is done and what tools & equipment are used
What is involved when deciding to use an arbitrator
Importance of the issue
cost involved
chance of obtaining a favourable award
political pressure
When Misconduct happens- steps
Violations of Rules
Investigation of offences
Disciplinary interviews
progressive disciplinary
Who administers the H&S program
HR or industrial relations department
Who is responsible for developing Disciplinary Procedures
HR Department
Set a standard of rules and communicate them to employees
the goal is to obtain change in the behaviour not punish the employees
Who IS responsible for Disciplinary Process in NON-UNIon
Supervisors and managers
Must address unacceptable behaviour
Must be properly investigated
the employee must be given the opportunity to present their side
Who should appraise
Manager/Supervisor Peer Review Subordinate Review Team Review Customer Review 360 review-
Why implement Employment Equity policies
to ensure equitable representation in the workforce and redress past discrimination
Why join a union
workers desire collective representation
Dissatisfaction with Management - feel under valued, management isn’t fair,
social- being apart of a group
economic needs- union will improve their wages. working conditions and hours
Workers Duties and Responsibilities H&S
Requires to comply with legislation regulation
Report hazardous conditions _ NOT POTENTIAL
Wear appropriate protective equipment
Adhere to employers H&S rules
Workplace violence occurs most commonly in what field of work
community service, nursing
Wrongful Dismissal
NON-UNION- employee can file a wrongful dismissal lawsuit
It only deals with whether NOTICE should have been given
Remedy on the courts is financial ONLY
