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Business > Human Resources > Flashcards

Human Resources Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 HR objectives

A
  • matching the workforce to the needs of the business
  • maintain employer/employee relations
  • make full use of the workforces potential
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2
Q

what are the 3 internal influences on the HR objectives

A
  • the corporate objectives
  • that attitudes andbeliefs of senior mangers
  • the type of product
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3
Q

what are the 4 external influences on the HR objectives

A
  • the state of the market
  • price elasticity of demand for the product
  • corporate image
  • employment legislation
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4
Q

what is the philosophy of a hard and soft strategy?

A

hard - employees are seen as a resource

soft - employees are seen as the most important and valuable resource

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5
Q

what time scale to a hard and soft strategy see?

A

hard - hired and fired

soft - workforce are used as efficiently as possible to achieve long term corporate objectives

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6
Q

what leadership style is associated with hard and soft strategies?

A

hard - autocratic

soft - democratic

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7
Q

what motivation techniques do hard and soft strategies use?

A

hard - pay

soft - empowerment and delegation

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8
Q

5 advantages and disadvantages of a hard strategy

A

+ managers have complete control
+ easy to adapt the business to respond to changes in the market
+ cheap as low skilled workers on minimum wage
x high labour turnover
x demotivating

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9
Q

5 advantages and disadvantages of a soft strategy

A 
\+ good reputation
\+ more people can contribute ideas
\+ creates a more creative workforce
x expensive
x hard to change the workforce in response to a change
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10
Q

the 5 stages of a workforce plan

A

1) what do you want to achieve
2) look at the current workforce
3) look at what workforce is neede
4) compare them -look for any gaps
5) review plan

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11
Q

Internal influences on workforce plans

A
  • corporate plans
  • marketing plans
  • operations plnas
  • financial constraints
  • the type of business
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12
Q

external influences on workforce plans

A
  • sales forecasts
  • demographic trends
  • wage rates
  • technological changes
  • changes in legislation
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13
Q

3 issues in implementing workforce plans

A
  • the cost
  • employer employee relations
  • corporate image
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14
Q

advantages and disadvantages of workforce plans

A

+ good for planning for the future
+ good for assessing whether the objectives are feasible
+ matched the workforce for the needs of the business
x expensive
x only as accurate as the info its based on

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15
Q

the 4 types of organisational structures

A
  • formal
  • matrix
  • entrepreneurial
  • informal
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16
Q

what is centralised an decentralised power

A

central - power at the top

decentral - employees have more power

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17
Q

advantages and disadvantages of traditional structures (6 points)

A

+ clear chain of command
+ clear promotion path
+ employees are loyal to their department
- this loyalty could result in competitiveness which is bad for the business
- communication only vomes down and is hard to do horizontally
- business is slow to respond to customer needs

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18
Q

what is a matrix structure?

A

organised into product teams
both a chief executive and project manager are in charge
they focus on the task in hand e.g the launch of a new product

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19
Q

advantages and disadvantages of matrix structures

A

+focuses on tasks that help with business success
+ business is flexible and responsive to customer needs
+ motivating
+ skill and ideas are shared
- conflict can occur between the 2 leaders
- staff are skilled so expensive

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20
Q

what are entrepreneurial structures?

A
  • the decisions are very centralised

- only some people make the decisions and everyone else follows

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21
Q

advantages and disadvantages of entrepreneurial structures

A

+ rapid decisions can be made

  • core workers have to make the right decisions
  • hard to manage as the business grows
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22
Q

what are informal structures?

A

there is no obvious structure e.g doctors

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23
Q

advantages and disadvantages of informal structures

A
  • lacks coordination
  • not much communication
  • no cleat direction of where the business is going
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24
Q

what 6 things affect your decision about what organisational structure to have?

A
  • size of the business
  • skills of the workforce
  • culture of the organisation
  • nature of the product
  • the corporate objectives
  • the business environment
25
Q

what is delayering?

A

removing layers from the structure

26
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of delayering?(9 points)

A 
\+ reduces costs
\+speeds up decision making 
\+ lower down workers get more work which is motivating
\+ communication improves
- knowledge and experience is lost
-redundancies costs
- loss of motivation
- training
- increased work which can be stressful
27
Q

are temporary workers increasing or decreasing?

A

increasing

28
Q

are part time workers increasing or decreasing?

A

decreasing

29
Q

are the self employed increasing or decreasing?

A

increasing

30
Q

are contractors and consultants increasing or decreasing?

A

increasing

31
Q

are full time employees increasing or decreasing?

A

decreasing

32
Q

what are core and peripheral workers?

A

core - full time, highly skilled, trained, important roles, job security
peripheral - part time, temp, self employed, hired and fired when needed

33
Q

why is homeworking a good thing? (4 points)

A

+motivating
+ take out travelling itmes
+ less pollution
+ don’t have to pay office rent

34
Q

What are the disadvantages of homeworking (3 points)

A

x less communication
x less social interaction
x managers can’t monitor work

35
Q

What is outsourcing?

A

paying a person or business to do a part of the production process

36
Q

what is informal and informal communication?

A

formal - board meetings, emails, letter, team briefings

informal - gossip

37
Q

issues in communicating with employees

A
  • it has to be a 2 way process
  • the right management style is needed
  • the organisational structure should make it easy
38
Q

what is collective bargaining?

A

negotiations between management and employees representation over pay and other conditions. The employee representative argues for all employees to receive the same things

39
Q

what is individual bargaining?

A

individuals are paid according to their contribution. This reduces labour costs and is an incentive for employees to work hard.

40
Q

what is more popular nowadays, individual or collective bargaining?

A

individual bargaining

41
Q

2 methods of employee representation

A

trade unions and work councils

42
Q

What are trade unions?

A

organisation of workers that strive for good pay and working conditions

43
Q

what are the 3 objectives of trade unions?

A
  • maximising pay
  • safe and secure working conditions
  • job security
44
Q

what are work councils?

A

a forum with in a business where workers and management meet to discuss issues such as working conditions, pay and training. There are employee representatives.

45
Q

when is it common for work councils to be used?

A

when there is no trade union

46
Q

what are the 6 types of industrial action?

A 
strikes
picketing
work to rule
go slow 
sit in 
over time ban
47
Q

what is picketing

A

when workers stand at the entrance of the business and persuade other workers to not go in

48
Q

what is work to rule

A

only doing what you are contracted to do

49
Q

what is a no strike deal?

A

unions agree not to strike for a certain time period in return for a pay and conditions package

50
Q

What is a single union agreement?

A

employees agree to be represented by one union

51
Q

What does ACAS do?

A

prevent and resolve industrial disputes

52
Q

what do ACAS provide?

A

arbitration and conciliation

53
Q

What is arbitration?

A

parties agree to be bound by the decision of the arbitrator

54
Q

What are the 3 types of arbitration?

A

non binding
binding
pendulum

55
Q

what is binding and non binding arbitration?

A

binding - parties have to take the award of the arbitrator

non binding - a neutral third party makes an award to settle the dispute

56
Q

What is pendulum arbitration?

A

arbitrator decided entirely for one side or the other

57
Q

what is conciliation

A

sometimes called mediation. A third neutral party encourages the continuation of negotiations and delaying industrial action. The conciliator doesn’t make any judgement

58
Q

what are employment tribunals

A

an informal courtroom where legal disputes or unfair dismissal is settled. They involve a chairperson, employer representative and employee representative

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