Human Resources Flashcards
Human Resources in Healthcare: Managing for Success, Fifth Edition
What is the definition of job analysis?
Job analysis is the process of collecting information about job responsibilities, required skills, and work conditions.
It serves as the foundation for many HR functions, including recruitment and performance management.
What are the key steps in the job analysis process?
The key steps include:
* Identifying the job
* Collecting data
* Analyzing the data
* Documenting the findings
* Reviewing and updating job descriptions
These steps ensure that job roles are accurately defined and aligned with organizational needs.
True or False: Job satisfaction is only influenced by compensation.
False
Job satisfaction is influenced by multiple factors, including work environment, job security, and person-organization fit.
What are the main elements influencing job choice?
- Cognitive elements
- Emotional elements
- Job security
- Total compensation
These factors can significantly impact an individual’s decision to accept a job offer.
Fill in the blank: Job _______ refers to the process of enhancing a job’s intrinsic value by increasing the level of responsibility and autonomy.
enrichment
Job enrichment aims to improve employee motivation and satisfaction.
What is the purpose of job descriptions?
Job descriptions serve to clearly define job responsibilities, required qualifications, and performance expectations.
They are essential for recruitment, performance management, and legal compliance.
What is the difference between structured and unstructured job interviews?
Structured interviews follow a predetermined set of questions, while unstructured interviews are more conversational and flexible.
Structured interviews tend to yield more reliable and valid data for candidate evaluation.
What is a behavioral observation scale in job performance data collection?
A behavioral observation scale (BOS) is a method that assesses performance based on specific behaviors exhibited by an employee.
BOS focuses on observable actions rather than traits or characteristics.
True or False: The Americans with Disabilities Act requires job descriptions to include essential functions of the job.
True
This requirement ensures that individuals with disabilities can understand the job requirements and assess their ability to perform the role.
What are compensable factors in job classification systems?
- Skill
- Effort
- Responsibility
- Working conditions
These factors are used to determine the relative value of jobs within an organization.
How does the COVID-19 pandemic impact job interviews?
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased use of virtual interviews and changes in interview protocols to ensure safety.
These adaptations have also affected the structure and content of interviews.
What is the role of job shadowing in employee development?
Job shadowing allows employees to observe and learn from colleagues in different roles, enhancing their understanding of job responsibilities.
It is a valuable tool for career development and cross-training.
Fill in the blank: Job _______ refers to the practice of combining tasks or responsibilities to create a more enriching work experience.
enlargement
Job enlargement can lead to greater job satisfaction and reduced monotony.
What are the main components of job performance data collection?
- Self-appraisals
- Peer evaluations
- Management assessments
- Objective performance metrics
These components provide a comprehensive view of an employee’s performance.
What is the significance of the Joint Commission in healthcare?
The Joint Commission sets standards for quality and safety in healthcare organizations, including credentialing practices and performance evaluations.
Compliance with Joint Commission standards is crucial for accreditation.
What is the purpose of labor relations guidelines?
Labor relations guidelines provide a framework for managing the relationship between management and employees, particularly in unionized environments.
They help ensure fair practices and compliance with labor laws.
What does the term ‘job families’ refer to?
Job families are groups of jobs that share similar characteristics and require similar skills and competencies.
This classification helps in organizing job roles and career paths within an organization.
What is the function of the Magnet Recognition Program?
The Magnet Recognition Program recognizes healthcare organizations that demonstrate excellence in nursing and patient care.
Achieving Magnet status can enhance an organization’s reputation and attract top talent.
What is the concept of ‘joy in work’?
Joy in work refers to the fulfillment and satisfaction employees feel in their roles, impacting overall job performance and organizational culture.
Promoting joy in work can lead to higher employee engagement and retention.
What is the McNamara-O’Hara Service Contract Act?
A U.S. labor law that establishes wage and labor standards for service contracts with the federal government.
It applies to contracts exceeding $2,500 and requires contractors to pay service employees minimum wage and benefits.
What are the key measures used for nursing workload?
Nursing workload measures include:
* Use of time
* Patient acuity
* Staffing levels
* Skill mix
These measures help in evaluating the effectiveness of nursing care and staffing adequacy.
What is the definition of mediation?
A method of resolving disputes through the intervention of a neutral third party.
Mediators facilitate communication and negotiation between parties to help them reach a voluntary agreement.
What is the role of medical directors?
To oversee clinical operations and ensure quality of care within healthcare organizations.
They play a crucial role in managing clinical staff and implementing policies.
What are medical flexible spending accounts?
Accounts that allow employees to set aside pre-tax dollars for eligible medical expenses.
These accounts help reduce taxable income and provide a tax benefit for healthcare costs.
What is the impact of medical errors among surgeons?
Medical errors can lead to increased burnout, poor patient outcomes, and loss of trust in healthcare providers.
Addressing burnout is critical to reducing medical errors.
What are the categories of allied health professions?
Categories include:
* Medical assistants
* Occupational therapists
* Physical therapists
* Radiologic technologists
Allied health professionals support healthcare delivery and improve patient outcomes.
What is the significance of the Mental Health Parity Act?
It requires health insurance plans to provide equal coverage for mental health and substance use disorders as they do for physical health.
This act aims to eliminate discrimination in healthcare coverage.
What is a multi-rater appraisal?
An evaluation method where feedback is gathered from multiple sources, such as peers, supervisors, and subordinates.
This approach provides a comprehensive view of an employee’s performance.
What is the importance of nurse staffing ratios?
Nurse staffing ratios can significantly impact patient care quality, nurse workload, and overall healthcare outcomes.
Adequate staffing ratios are linked to better patient safety and satisfaction.
What defines the nursing process?
The nursing process consists of five components:
* Assessment
* Diagnosis
* Planning
* Implementation
* Evaluation
This systematic approach ensures comprehensive patient care.
What is the purpose of the National Practitioner Data Bank?
To collect and release information on the professional competence and conduct of healthcare practitioners.
It serves as a resource for state licensing boards and healthcare organizations to ensure quality care.
What are the projected growth trends for nursing assistants?
There is an expected increase in demand for nursing assistants due to an aging population and healthcare workforce shortages.
This growth highlights the need for training and recruitment in the field.
What is the definition of occupational therapy?
A form of healthcare that focuses on helping individuals achieve independence in their daily activities through therapeutic practices.
Occupational therapists work with patients to improve skills needed for daily living and working.
What is the role of mentorship in nursing?
Mentorship helps in retaining nurses, enhancing skills, and promoting professional development.
Effective mentorship can lead to higher job satisfaction and reduced turnover.
What is the purpose of onboarding in healthcare organizations?
To integrate new employees into the organization, providing them with the necessary training and resources to succeed.
Effective onboarding can improve retention and employee engagement.
What does the term ‘moonlighting’ refer to in a medical context?
The practice of healthcare professionals working additional jobs outside their primary employment.
This can raise concerns regarding patient care and employee fatigue.
What is the significance of the Affordable Care Act?
It aims to increase healthcare coverage and affordability, reduce uninsured rates, and improve healthcare quality.
The act includes provisions for expanding Medicaid and establishing health insurance exchanges.
What are the challenges facing the nursing workforce?
Challenges include:
* Aging workforce
* High turnover rates
* Burnout
* Insufficient training programs
These challenges necessitate strategic workforce planning and support systems.
What is the purpose of practice evaluation?
Assessing effectiveness and improving practices
Relevant to health care and organizational settings.
What is on-the-job training?
Training provided at the workplace
Aimed at developing skills in real work situations.
What is included in the operating budget?
Cost of benefits
Essential for financial planning in organizations.
What are strategic tools for operational employee relations?
Methods and practices to manage workforce relations
Includes communication strategies and conflict resolution.
What categories exist within ophthalmology?
Allied health professions and professional titles
This includes roles such as optometrists and ophthalmic technicians.
What are opinion surveys used for?
Gathering feedback and insights from stakeholders
Commonly used in organizational assessments.
What is the opioid epidemic?
A public health crisis related to opioid misuse
Significant impact on healthcare systems and policies.
What is the role of optometrists in healthcare?
Providing vision care and eye examinations
They are distinct from ophthalmologists who perform surgery.
What actions are prohibited against smokers in Oregon?
Employer actions targeting employees who smoke
Aimed at protecting employee rights.
What is organizational culture?
The shared values and practices within an organization
Influences behavior and effectiveness of teams.
What does the Organizational Culture Profile measure?
Alignment of organizational culture with desired values
Used for assessing cultural fit in hiring and development.
What is organizational design?
The process of structuring an organization for effectiveness
Involves defining roles, responsibilities, and workflows.
What are common metrics for organizational/employee development?
Training hours, completion rates, and employee feedback
These metrics help assess the effectiveness of development programs.
What is management by objectives?
A management model where specific goals are set collaboratively
Aims to align organizational and employee objectives.
What are positive organizational outcomes?
Results achieved through effective human resources practices
Includes increased productivity and employee engagement.
What are organizational goals?
Targets set to guide an organization’s direction and efforts
Essential for strategic planning.
What is the relationship between organizational structure and quality improvement?
Quality improvement teams are influenced by organizational structure
Structure can facilitate or hinder quality initiatives.
What is the role of organized labor in healthcare?
Advocating for workers’ rights and improving labor conditions
Involves negotiations and collective bargaining.
What is the focus of orientation for new employees?
Integrating new hires into the organization
Covers company culture, policies, and procedures.
What is the significance of patient-centered care?
Focus on the needs and preferences of patients
A key component of high-quality healthcare systems.
What does the term ‘overtime pay’ refer to?
Compensation for hours worked beyond the standard workweek
Governed by labor laws and organizational policies.
What is the Pay-for-Performance program?
Incentive programs that reward employees based on performance
Commonly used in healthcare to improve quality.
What is the purpose of performance appraisals?
Evaluating employee performance for development and feedback
Crucial for career growth and organizational success.
What are the characteristics of useful performance criteria?
Clear, measurable, and relevant to job functions
Ensures fair evaluation of employee performance.
What does the term ‘pay equity’ refer to?
Fair compensation for similar work regardless of gender or other factors
Addresses wage gaps and promotes fairness.
What are the impacts of the opioid epidemic on healthcare?
Increased healthcare costs and demand for treatment services
Affects policy-making and resource allocation.
What is the role of performance management?
To improve organizational effectiveness through systematic evaluation
Involves goal-setting, feedback, and employee development.
What is the definition of privileging?
Privileging refers to the process of granting specific clinical privileges to healthcare providers based on their qualifications and competencies.
See also Credentialing and privileging of healthcare providers.
What methodology is associated with problem-based learning?
Problem-based learning methodology focuses on students learning through the solving of real-world problems.
Reference: pages 551–53.
How do multicultural experiences relate to problem-solving?
Multicultural experiences can enhance problem-solving abilities by providing diverse perspectives and approaches.
Reference: page 133.
What is the significance of process analysis in quality improvement efforts?
Process analysis is crucial for identifying inefficiencies and areas of improvement within quality improvement efforts.
Reference: page 514.
What are process flowcharts used for?
Process flowcharts are used to visualize and analyze the steps in a process to improve efficiency and understanding.
Reference: page 504.
What is product differentiation?
Product differentiation is the process of distinguishing a product from others to make it more attractive to a specific target market.
Reference: page 3.
What factors affect productive hours in nursing?
Productive hours in nursing are affected by total paid registered nurse hours and specific calculations within paid nursing hours.
Reference: pages 467, 468, 469.
What are common impacts of bullying on productivity?
Bullying can lead to a significant loss of productivity in the workplace.
Reference: page 306.
What is the relationship between burnout and productivity?
Burnout negatively affects productivity, leading to decreased performance and engagement.
Reference: pages 531, 532.
What is the difference between an occupation and a profession?
A profession is typically characterized by specialized education and training, whereas an occupation may not require such qualifications.
Reference: page 78.
What role do professional associations play for healthcare professionals?
Professional associations provide support, resources, and advocacy for healthcare professionals in their respective fields.
Reference: pages 80, 81–82.
What are professional certification societies?
Professional certification societies establish standards for certification and ensure quality in professional practice.
Reference: page 116.
How do professional development opportunities affect job choice?
Professional development and growth opportunities can significantly influence an individual’s choice of job.
Reference: page 204.
What is professionalization?
Professionalization is the process by which an occupation transforms into a profession, gaining recognition and standards.
Reference: pages 78–80.
How does professional judgment relate to nursing staffing requirements?
Professional judgment is essential in determining appropriate nursing staffing requirements based on patient needs and care standards.
Reference: pages 466, 466.
What are professional liability settlements?
Professional liability settlements refer to financial compensations awarded in cases of malpractice or negligence claims against professionals.
Reference: page 111.
What is the proficient stage in skill development?
The proficient stage in skill development is characterized by a deeper understanding and improved performance in a specific area.
Reference: page 79.
How does profitability relate to effective human resources management?
Effective human resources management is directly linked to increased profitability through better employee engagement and retention.
Reference: page 3.
What are profit-sharing plans?
Profit-sharing plans are incentive programs that distribute a portion of a company’s profits to its employees.
Reference: page 339.
What is the programmatic performance evaluation process?
The programmatic performance evaluation process assesses the effectiveness and outcomes of specific programs within an organization.
Reference: page 63.
What are advanced projection models?
Advanced projection models utilize sophisticated techniques, including plasticity methods, to forecast future trends and outcomes.
Reference: pages 446, 446–48.
What is the role of project teams?
Project teams are formed to work collaboratively on specific projects, utilizing diverse skills and expertise to achieve objectives.
Reference: page 179.
What are the benefits of internal promotions?
Internal promotions can enhance employee morale, reduce turnover, and leverage existing knowledge within the organization.
Reference: page 270.
What does the term ‘protected health information’ refer to?
Protected health information refers to any individually identifiable health information that is protected under privacy laws.
Reference: pages 373, 374.
What is psychological safety?
Psychological safety is a belief that one will not be penalized or humiliated for speaking up with ideas, questions, or concerns.
Reference: page 513.
What are the implications of racial discrimination in the workplace?
Racial discrimination can lead to significant financial impacts and undermine employee morale and productivity.
Reference: page 138.
What is the significance of the Quadruple Aim in healthcare?
The Quadruple Aim focuses on improving patient experience, enhancing population health, reducing costs, and improving the work life of healthcare providers.
References: pages 1, 29n1, 429.
What does quality improvement entail?
Quality improvement involves systematic efforts to enhance healthcare services and outcomes through various methodologies and strategies.
Reference: pages 496–500.
What is the purpose of quality metrics?
Quality metrics are used to measure and assess the performance and outcomes of healthcare services.
Reference: page 342.
What is the goal of realistic job previews?
The goal of realistic job previews is to provide candidates with a clear understanding of the job and organizational culture before they accept an offer.
Reference: pages 215, 215–16.
What are reasonable accommodations in the workplace?
Reasonable accommodations are modifications or adjustments to a job or work environment that enable individuals with disabilities to perform essential job functions.
Reference: pages 33, 35, 36.
What is the significance of retention strategies?
Retention strategies are critical for maintaining a stable workforce and reducing turnover by addressing employee needs and enhancing job satisfaction.
Reference: pages 136, 247–70.
What is the role of feedback in performance appraisals?
Feedback in performance appraisals provides employees with insights into their performance and areas for improvement.
Reference: page 291.
What are the common rating errors in performance evaluations?
Common rating errors include recency errors, halo effect, and leniency or severity bias.
Reference: pages 284–85.
What is the purpose of reference checks?
Reference checks are conducted to verify a candidate’s qualifications and past performance before hiring.
Reference: pages 56, 223.
What does the term ‘return on investment’ refer to in human resources?
Return on investment in human resources refers to the financial return gained from investments made in HR activities and strategies.
Reference: page 21.
What are the components of effective retention strategies?
Effective retention strategies include coaching, recognition, compensation, and career development opportunities.
Reference: pages 255–58.
What is the impact of employee engagement on safety incidents?
Higher employee engagement is associated with a reduction in safety incidents in the workplace.
Reference: page 430.
What is the relationship between organizational culture and employee retention?
A positive organizational culture fosters employee satisfaction and loyalty, thus improving retention rates.
Reference: page 262.
What is the definition of staffing?
Definition of staffing and interrelated processes in human resources
Staffing involves the recruitment, selection, and placement of employees within an organization.
What is scope creep?
The gradual expansion of project scope without adjustments to time, cost, and resources
Often leads to project overruns and dissatisfaction.
What are the stages in skill development?
Stages in skill development include:
* Novice
* Advanced beginner
* Competent
* Proficient
* Expert
Each stage represents a level of proficiency and understanding.
What is the purpose of succession planning?
To ensure the continuity of leadership and critical roles within an organization
Involves identifying and developing future leaders.
What are SMART goals?
SMART goals are:
* Specific
* Measurable
* Achievable
* Relevant
* Time-bound
A framework for setting effective objectives.
What is the significance of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890?
It prohibits monopolistic practices and promotes competition
Key legislation in U.S. antitrust law.
What does the term ‘team-based care’ refer to?
A collaborative approach to healthcare delivery that involves multiple professionals
Aims to improve patient outcomes and efficiency.
What is a ‘hostile work environment’ in the context of sexual harassment?
A workplace where unwelcome conduct creates an intimidating or offensive atmosphere
Can include inappropriate comments, jokes, or behavior.
What are the key components of a job analysis?
Key components include:
* Job description
* Job specifications
* Job responsibilities
Essential for effective recruitment and performance management.
What is the ‘similar-to-me’ error?
A bias in hiring or evaluation where individuals favor candidates similar to themselves
Can lead to a lack of diversity in the workplace.
What is the role of the SEIU (Service Employees International Union)?
Represents workers in the service sector, advocating for rights and benefits
Engages in collective bargaining and labor negotiations.
What is ‘scope of practice’?
The procedures, actions, and processes that a healthcare practitioner is allowed to perform
Defined by laws and regulations governing the profession.
What are the effects of staffing shortages in healthcare?
Staffing shortages can lead to:
* Increased workload for existing staff
* Decreased quality of care
* Higher turnover rates
A critical challenge for healthcare organizations.
What is the purpose of employee self-appraisals?
To allow employees to evaluate their own performance and development needs
Encourages reflection and personal accountability.
What are ‘team-based incentives’?
Compensation structures that reward teams for achieving specific goals or performance metrics
Aims to foster collaboration and improve outcomes.
What is ‘social responsibility’ in the context of human resources?
The obligation of organizations to act in the best interests of their environments and communities
Includes ethical practices and community engagement.
What does ‘telehealth’ encompass?
The delivery of healthcare services remotely using telecommunications technology
Includes virtual consultations and remote monitoring.
What is the impact of social media on workplace dynamics?
Social media can affect workplace dynamics by:
* Influencing employee engagement
* Facilitating communication
* Creating potential conflicts
Organizations must manage social media policies effectively.
What is ‘situational validity’?
The extent to which the findings from a study can be generalized to real-world situations
Important for ensuring the relevance of research outcomes.
What are the benefits of using structured interviews?
Benefits include:
* Consistency in evaluation
* Reduced bias
* Enhanced reliability of results
A standardized approach to candidate assessment.
What is the ‘spillover effect’?
The phenomenon where experiences in one area of life affect outcomes in another area
Often discussed in the context of work-life balance.
What is the definition of telehealth?
Telehealth refers to the delivery of healthcare services remotely using telecommunications technology.
Core principles of telehealth include accessibility, efficiency, and patient-centered care.
What are the core principles of telehealth?
- Accessibility
- Efficiency
- Patient-centered care
These principles aim to improve healthcare delivery and outcomes.
What is the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on telemedicine?
The COVID-19 pandemic led to an increased use of telemedicine services.
This was due to the need for remote consultations to minimize virus transmission.
What are some causes of employee turnover?
- Unacceptable conduct
- Poor performance appraisals
- Bullying behaviors
- Burnout
- Job dissatisfaction
Understanding these causes is crucial for developing retention strategies.
What is the significance of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
Title VII prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
It plays a critical role in promoting workplace equality.
What is the purpose of total quality management?
Total quality management aims to improve organizational processes and outcomes through continuous quality improvement.
Its principles include customer focus and process optimization.
What is the 360-degree feedback method?
360-degree feedback is a performance appraisal method that gathers feedback from multiple sources, including peers, subordinates, and supervisors.
It provides a comprehensive view of an employee’s performance.
What is the definition of toxic employees?
Toxic employees are individuals whose negative behavior or attitude adversely affects the workplace environment.
They can lead to decreased morale and productivity.
What is the role of third-party payers in healthcare?
Third-party payers are organizations that pay for healthcare services on behalf of patients, including insurance companies and government programs.
They influence healthcare costs and access.
What are variable compensation arrangements?
Variable compensation arrangements are pay structures that reward employees based on performance metrics.
Examples include bonuses and profit-sharing plans.
What is the concept of value-based care?
Value-based care focuses on providing high-quality care while controlling costs, rewarding healthcare providers for patient outcomes rather than services rendered.
This model aims to improve patient health and satisfaction.
What does the term ‘worker adjustment and retraining notification act’ refer to?
The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (WARN) requires employers to provide advance notice of mass layoffs or plant closings.
This law aims to protect workers by allowing them time to prepare for job loss.
What are some characteristics of a toxic work culture?
- Lack of trust
- Poor communication
- High turnover
- Bullying behaviors
Addressing these characteristics is essential for fostering a positive work environment.
What is the significance of the term ‘unconscious bias’ in the workplace?
Unconscious bias refers to the social stereotypes about certain groups of people that individuals form outside their conscious awareness.
It can affect hiring, promotion, and evaluation processes.
What are the implications of the wage gap?
The wage gap highlights the disparity in earnings between different demographic groups, particularly between genders.
It raises concerns about equity and fairness in compensation practices.
What is a ‘warm body’ approach to hiring?
The ‘warm body’ approach to hiring focuses on filling positions quickly without sufficient regard for candidate qualifications or fit.
This approach can lead to long-term issues in employee performance and retention.
What is the role of the US Department of Labor?
The US Department of Labor oversees federal labor laws, including wage and hour regulations, workplace safety, and employment standards.
It plays a critical role in protecting workers’ rights.
What is a key factor in employee retention related to the working environment?
Retention and working environment
This connection emphasizes the importance of a supportive and engaging working environment for retaining employees.
What organization is associated with employee retention and work-life balance?
Work Institute
This organization focuses on research and strategies for improving workplace dynamics.
What are some aspects of work-life balance?
- Burnout and work-life balance
- Flextime
- Job sharing
- Workplace flexibility
Each of these aspects contributes to how employees manage their professional and personal lives.
What is the significance of the World Health Organization in workplace studies?
- Burnout and lost productivity study
- Global Code of Practice
- Health work environment defined
The WHO provides guidelines and research that shape workplace standards globally.
What historical event led to a US quality focus during its occurrence?
World War II
During WWII, there was a significant emphasis on quality in various sectors due to the demands of the war effort.
What does zero-tolerance culture address?
Bullying
A zero-tolerance culture aims to eliminate bullying behaviors in the workplace.
What is a strategy for improving job satisfaction mentioned?
Job sharing
Job sharing allows employees to share responsibilities, which can enhance work-life balance.
