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Business > Human Resources > Flashcards

Human Resources Flashcards

1
Q

What is an organisational structure

A

The way a business arranges itself to Carry out it’s activities

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2
Q

What is management

A

Planning, organising and controlling a business

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3
Q

What is the organisational chart

A

A plan showing the roles of, and relationships between all the employees in a business.

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4
Q

What is a director

A

People appointed by shareholders to lead the management of a company

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5
Q

What are the levels of hierarchy

A

The layers of authority within a business

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6
Q

What is a span of control

A

The number of employees managed directly by another employee

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7
Q

What is chain of command

A

The line of authority within a business along which communication passes

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8
Q

What is delayering

A

The removal of one or more levels of hierarchy from a business’s organisational structure

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9
Q

What is delegation

A

Passing down authority to more junior employees

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10
Q

What is a tall organisational structure

A

A structure with many levels of hierarchy, relatively narrow spams of control and a lengthy chain of command.

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11
Q

What is a flat organisational structure

A

A structure with few levels of hierarchy, comparatively wide spans of control and a short chain of command

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12
Q

What is centralisation

A

Occurs when a small number of senior managers in a business take all the important decisions

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13
Q

What is decentralisation

A

Allows employees working in all area of the business to take decisions

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14
Q

What are the advantages of decentralisation

A

Junior employees may feel valued and perform better if they have input into important business decisions.
The workload of senior managers may be reduced; they may also perform better as a result.
Decision making may be improved. It can become quicker and junior employers may average a better understanding of the issues to male good decisions.

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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of decentralisation

A

Junior employees may need training to be able to take an effective part in decisions making. This may be costly.
It can be more difficult to co-ordinate decisions if they are taken in different parts of the business.
Relatively junior employees may not understand the overall goals of the business and may not take decisions with the right goals in mind.

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16
Q

Advantages of delegation

A

Can make junior employees jobs more varied and interesting

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17
Q

What is recruitment

A

The process of finding and appointing new employees

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18
Q

Advantages of internal recruitment

A

Offering employees the chance of promotion can motivate and improve their performance.
Tuesday is a less risky and cheaper form of recruitment because the business will know the people appointed and it avoids expensive advertising costs or the use of employment agencies.
Those appointed will have so,e knowledge of the business and may need less(or no) training.

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19
Q

What are disadvantages of internal recruitment

A

The business will have a limited choice of people from whom to recruit. They may appoint a less talented person as a result.
The business may have to pay to train employees who do not have the skills required.

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20
Q

What are advantages of external recruitment

A

Business can benefit if external recruits bring new ideas and positively into the organisation.
The recruitment method provides businesses with wider choice of candidates and the chance to appoint the very best people.
It may not be necessary to train external recruits as they should have the skills required.

21
Q

What are disadvantages of external recruitment

A

External recruitment is more expensive, esp I’ll if recruitment agencies are used.
The employees will be less familiar to the business, creating a greater chance of appointing the ‘wrong’ person

22
Q

What is employee selection

A

Choosing the right employees from among those who have applied for a job.

23
Q

What is job analysis

A

The collection and interpretation of information about a job.

24
Q

What is job description

A

States information about the duties and tasks that make up a particular job

25
Q

What is person/job specification

A

Sets out the qualifications and skills required by an employee to full a particular job

26
Q

What are benefits of effective recruitment and selection process

A

High levels of productivity
High quality output or high standards of customer service
Staff retention

27
Q

What is productivity

A

The quantity of goods and services produced by an employee over a period of time, such as one day or a week.

28
Q

What is staff retention

A

The proportion of a business’s workforce who remain with the business over a period of time, usually one year

29
Q

What if full time employment

A

Occurs when someone works a number of hours equal to the normal working week, usually between 35 and 40 hours.

30
Q

What is part time employment

A

When an employee works for fewer hours per week than full time

31
Q

what is job share

A

This exists when two or more employees agree to share the responsibilities of a single job

32
Q

What is a zero hour contract

A

Workers do not have guaranteed hours of work each week. Instead they can choose whether to accept any hours that they may be offered

33
Q

What are the benefits of a motivated workforce

A

High rates of staff retention
Increases level of productivity
Recognition as a good employer

34
Q

What is salary

A

A payment to an employee usually made monthly, but stated as an annual figure

35
Q

What are wages

A

A weekly payment made to employees in return for labor services

36
Q

What is commission

A

A payment to an employee based on the number of sales made over a period of time

37
Q

What is profit sharing

A

A scheme under which employees receive a portion of any profit earned by the business

38
Q

What is training

A

A range of activites to give employees job relayed skills and knowledge

39
Q

What are fringe benefits

A

Extras that employees may receive in addition to their pay, for example a company car

40
Q

What are 5 examples of finical methods of motivation

A

Salary
Wages
Piecework
Commission
Profit sharing

41
Q

What are 4 non finical methods of motivation

A

Changing management styles
Training
Job enrichment
Fringe benefits

42
Q

What is induction training

A

Training given to an employee when they first start a job

43
Q

What is the on the job training

A

Training given in the workplace, usually by another more expierenced employee

44
Q

What is the off the job training

A

Training provided outside the employee’s place of work

45
Q

Benefits of on the job training

A

It can provide the precise skills and knowledge required by the business’s employees.
It can be relatiovely cheap form of training and a cost effective way of improving productivity
Employees remain in the workplace throughout their training period, saving time and avoiding travel and hotel expenses

46
Q

What are the drawbacks of on the job training

A

If the business provides the trainers, it can temporarily lose the services of those employees for the peril of the training.
It does not generate new ideas and may be less effective than of the job training

47
Q

Benefits of off the job training

A

It can help to bring fresh ideas and approaches to the business, and provides the most up to date knowledge and skills.
This form of training is valued by employees, especially if it leads to formal qualifications. It can improve levels of motivation.

48
Q

Drawbacks of off the job training

A

It is very costly and may not be cost-effective if employee performance does not improve significantly.
It can be risky choice as employees may leave the business soon after training as their new skills may need attractive to other employers

Business (7 decks)

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