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business gcse > Human Resources > Flashcards

Human Resources Flashcards

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1
Q

Reasons why a business have to recruit

A
  • business growth
  • an employee leaving
  • an employee being promoted
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2
Q

Benefits of recruiting the right people

A
  • maintains the business’ reputation
  • increase labour retention
  • increased worker motivation
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3
Q

Equation for labour turnover

A

(no. of employees leaving /total no. employees) x 100

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4
Q

Equation for labour productivity

A

output per period (units) / number of employees

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5
Q

What is the 1st stage of the recruitment process?

A

Identifying the job vacancy - compare a businesses expected future needs for employees with the existing workforce.

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6
Q

What is the 2nd stage of the recruitment process?

A

Job analysis - the process that identifies in detail the particular duties and responsibilities of the job.

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7
Q

What is the 3rd stage of the recruitment process?

A

Preparing a job description - A job description explains the duties and responsibilities for a specific job.

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8
Q

What is the 4th stage of the recruitment process?

A

Prepare person specification - A person specification describes the skills, knowledge, and experience needed by an individual to complete the job.

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9
Q

What is the 5th stage of the recruitment process?

A

Create a job advert - the job advert will communicate with the potential applicants the details of the job and the type of person the business is looking to recruit.

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10
Q

What is the 6th stage of the recruitment process?

A

Shortlisting applicants - selecting the most suitable applicants from those who applied

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11
Q

What is the 7th stage of the recruitment process?

A

Referencing process - a reference is a written statement about the personal attributes, skill and work-related experiences of a job applicant written by a referee

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12
Q

What is the 8th stage of the recruitment process?

A

Interviewing applicants - the firm will ask a number of questions to the applicant and the applicant can also ask

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13
Q

What is the 9th stage of the recruitment process?

A

Select and appoint the successful candidate - the final stage of the recruitment process where the business decides who to offer the job to.

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14
Q

What is internal advertising?

A

When the business decides to only advertise the job to existing employees

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15
Q

What is external advertising?

A

When the business decides to advertise to individuals from outside of the organisation

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16
Q

What is training?

A

Training provides workers with knowledge and skills which enable them to perform their jobs more effectively

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17
Q

What is induction training?

A

training to introduce a new worker to the business, place of work and their fellow workers as well as their job

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18
Q

When would retraining be required?

A
  • there are changes in the working conditions
  • the level of performance has fallen
  • new technology
  • new working practices
  • new health and safety
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19
Q

What is on-the-job training?

A

training that is done while the employee is working

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20
Q

What is off-the-job training?

A

training which is done away from the workplace

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21
Q

What does on-the-job training include?

A
  • demonstration
  • job shadowing
  • coaching
  • mentoring
  • job rotation
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22
Q

what does off-the-job training include?

A
  • off site/external training
  • computer based training
  • sandwich courses
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23
Q

What are advantages to the business with on the job training?

A
  • it is cheaper because there are no travel or accommodation costs
  • the trainee produces good and services so the firm makes money
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24
Q

What are disadvantages to the business with on the job training?

A
  • the quality of the work may not be very good which could lead to wasted materials and a lowered reputation
  • the trainer may need to temporarily leave their position to train a new employee so production may fall
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25
Q

What are advantages to the worker with on the job training?

A
  • the trainee can take these skills to another business and possibly gain promotions
  • the trainee is given individual training so it makes them feel valued
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26
Q

What are disadvantages to the worker with on the job training?

A
  • may restrict opportunities for the worker as the skills they are taught are tailored to this specific business
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27
Q

What are advantages to the business with off the job training?

A
  • experts provide the training so this makes the quality high
  • workers feel valued so they are more likely to stay at the business therefore this reduces the recruitment costs
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28
Q

What are disadvantages to the business with off the job training?

A
  • usually more expensive
  • the absence from work means that the employee isn’t producing any goods whilst they are being trained
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29
Q

What are advantages to the worker with off the job training?

A
  • workers enjoy a change in environment
  • skills are transferable to other businesses
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30
Q

What are disadvantages to the worker with off the job training?

A
  • workers learn in different ways so could be a potential waste of money
  • may be losing out on extra money whilst they are being trained
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31
Q

What is motivation?

A

motivation refers to how driven and happy and employee is in their role

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32
Q

What is meant by a financial method of motivation?

A

involves a money reward for the employees

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33
Q

What is meant by a non financial method of motivation?

A

involves any other incentives that do not involve money

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34
Q

What is a wage?

A

They are usually paid weekly and are mostly paid to manual and low skilled jobs. They can be based on hourly rates as well.

35
Q

What is overtime?

A

Workers are paid a higher hourly rate for any hours they work beyond their agreed weekly hours

36
Q

What is a piece rate?

A

employees are paid based on the amount they produce

37
Q

What is a salary?

A

A financial amount received by an employee based on an annual figure

38
Q

What is a bonus?

A

Additional financial payments above the normal wage or salary

39
Q

What is profit sharing / profit related pay?

A

Paid to all the employees if the business has performed well and has achieved high sales and profits for the year

40
Q

What is commission?

A

Employees will receive payments based on the amount of sales they make

41
Q

What is a fringe benefit?

A

Additional financial benefits given to the employee on top of their wage or salary e.g. health insurance

42
Q

What is empowerment?

A

Giving workers greater control over their working lives

43
Q

What is job enlargement?

A

Involves the addition of extra, similar, tasks to a job

44
Q

What is job rotation?

A

involves the movement of employees through a range of jobs

45
Q

What is job enrichment?

A

Involves giving employees greater control over their work

46
Q

What are the benefits of a motivated workforce?

A
  • lower level of absenteeism
  • retention of workers
  • improved relations between staff
47
Q

What is an organisational design?

A

shows how the people in management are organised within a business, it can be illustrated by an organisational chart

48
Q

Who is 1st on the organisational chart?

A

Owners / leaders / directors
- they have the most senior and responsible positions of the business

49
Q

Who is 2nd on the organisational chart?

A

Managers
- manage the business on a day to day basis

50
Q

Who is 3rd on the organisational chart?

A

Supervisors / team leaders
- help the managers to run the business

51
Q

Who is 4th on the organisational chart?

A

Operatives / shop floor workers
- carry out the day to day activities assigned to them

52
Q

What is meant by levels of hierarchy?

A

refers to the number of layers within an organisation

53
Q

What is meant by span of control?

A

the number of managed directly by an individual line manager

54
Q

What is meant by chain of command?

A

the formal line of communication that starts at the top of the organisational chart down to the bottom levels

55
Q

What is a hierarchal / tall structure?

A

A hierarchical or ‘tall’ structure has many leaders and layers of management, and businesses with this structure often use a ‘top-down’ approach with a long chain of command.

56
Q

What are the advantages of a tall structure?

A
  • Areas of the business are closely managed
  • Managers have tight control over employees
  • Excellent progression opportunities
57
Q

What are the disadvantages of a tall structure?

A
  • There is slow communication due to a long chain of command
  • Employees may be demotivated due to lack of autonomy
  • Organisational changes can be slow to implement
58
Q

What is a horizontal / flat structure?

A

A horizontal or ‘flat’ structure is an organisational structure with only a few layers of management. In a flat structure, managers have a wide span of control with more subordinates, and there is usually a short chain of command.

59
Q

What are the advantages of a flat structure?

A
  • Less layers leads to better communication
  • More autonomy and responsibility for employees
  • Employees may feel more motivated, therefore being more productive
60
Q

What are the disadvantages of a flat structure?

A
  • Lack of progression opportunities
  • Higher workloads for managers
  • Managers have more subordinates
61
Q

What is meant by delayering?

A

when a business removes one or more levels of hierarchy from its organisational structure

62
Q

What is meant by delegation?

A

passing down authority to more junior employees

63
Q

What is communication?

A

the passing or exchanging of information, ideas, or feelings between 2 parties

64
Q

What are advantages of good communication?

A
  • better understanding across the business
  • faster and more effective decision making
    a more motivated workforce
  • less chance of making mistakes
  • improved employee involvement in the decision making process
  • effective feedback from and to employees
65
Q

What are consequences of bad communication?

A
  • low morale
  • reduced employee cooperation
  • incomplete actions or activities
  • reduced efficiency
  • slower decision making
66
Q

What is meant by working pratices?

A

the way in which people work in the workplace

67
Q

What are flexible hours?

A

Employees are given a set amount of hours to work in a week, month or year but they can choose when they work

68
Q

What is an advantage of flexible hours?

A

it can motivate employees as it improves work life balance

69
Q

What is a disadvantage of flexible hours?

A

lack of commitment from workers so quality may suffer

70
Q

What are zero hour contracts?

A

An employee has no specified number or hours per week. Instead they are given work based on when the business requires them.

71
Q

What is an advantage of zero hour contracts?

A

firms can respond to a rise / fall in demand quickly

72
Q

What is a disadvantage of zero hour contracts?

A

workers on these contracts have virtually no income security at all

73
Q

What is home working?

A

Employees are able to work from home

74
Q

What is an advantage of home working?

A

Employees save time and stress of commuting and feel motivated

75
Q

What is a disadvantage of home working?

A

Lack of teamwork

76
Q

What is job sharing?

A

when 2 or more employees share 1 complete job role

77
Q

What is an advantage of job sharing?

A

lower labour costs

78
Q

What is disadvantage of job sharing?

A

communication problems

79
Q

What is a trade union?

A

A trade union is a type of organisation whose main purpose is to represent the interests of employees across many businesses who join the union by paying a membership fee.

80
Q

How do trade unions impact payment?

A

Trade unions aim to ensure that payment is fair for its members, and that members receive pay rises in line with inflation and other similar businesses.

81
Q

How do trade unions impact working conditions?

A

Trade unions can support employees in relation to working conditions e.g. holiday payment, working hours, heath & safety and sickness issues

82
Q

What are strikes?

A

Strike action occurs when a workforce refuse to work, which often forces services or production to stop completely if no alternative workforce is found.

83
Q

What are go-slows?

A

A go-slow occurs when employees purposely work at a slower pace, being less productive and completing a lower amount of work.

84
Q
A

business gcse (6 decks)

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