Human Resource Planning

Question 1

What is the OCAI based on?

Answer 1

The Competiting Values Framework

The framework is useful for organizing and interpreting various organizational phenomena.

Question 2

Why is having a framework important in organizational culture?

Answer 2

It helps to organize and focus the search for key cultural dimensions

Frameworks provide a theoretical foundation that can integrate various cultural dimensions.

Question 3

What are the four dominant culture types in the Competing Values Framework?

Answer 3

• Clan
• Adhocracy
• Market
• Hierarchy

Question 4

What are some key characteristics of the Hierarchy Culture?

Answer 4

• Rules
• Specialization
• Meritocracy
• Hierarchy
• Impersonality
• Accountability

Question 5

What dimension differentiates effectiveness criteria in the Competing Values Framework?

Answer 5

Flexibility versus stability

This dimension emphasizes criteria like adaptability and stability in organizations.

Question 6

What is the second dimension that differentiates effectiveness criteria?

Answer 6

Internal orientation versus external orientation

This dimension focuses on integration and rivalry within and outside the organization.

Question 7

What does the Clan quadrant emphasize?

Answer 7

Internal, organic focus

It values harmony and cohesion within the organization.

Question 8

What does the Adhocracy quadrant emphasize?

Answer 8

External, organic focus

It values innovation and adaptability in a competitive environment.

Question 9

What does the Market quadrant emphasize?

Answer 9

External, control focus

It is characterized by competitiveness and achieving results.

Question 10

What does the Hierarchy quadrant emphasize?

Answer 10

Internal, control focus

It values stability, efficiency, and predictability.

Question 11

True or False: The Competing Values Framework is based on empirical evidence.

Answer 11

True

It captures the reality of organizational culture and integrates various proposed dimensions.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The Competing Values Framework was developed from research on __________ effectiveness.

Answer 12

organizational

Question 13

What is the main purpose of the OCAI?

Answer 13

To diagnose the dominant orientation of an organization based on core culture types

It also assesses cultural strength and congruence.

Question 14

Who proposed the classical attributes of bureaucracy?

Answer 14

Max Weber

His work focused on government organizations in Europe during the early 1900s.

Question 15

What organizational forms match the quadrants in the Competing Values Framework?

Answer 15

• Clan
• Adhocracy
• Market
• Hierarchy

Question 16

What type of organizations typically exhibit a Hierarchy culture?

Answer 16

• Government agencies
• Large corporations
• Fast-food restaurants

Question 17

What are the key values associated with a Hierarchy culture?

Answer 17

• Efficiency
• Reliability
• Predictability

Question 18

What is a key indicator of an effective organization according to Campbell’s research?

Answer 18

A comprehensive set of thirty-nine indicators

These indicators help assess organizational effectiveness.

Question 19

What does the term ‘cultural strength’ refer to?

Answer 19

The degree to which the core values of an organization are widely shared and strongly held

It is assessed using the OCAI.

Question 20

What is the role of the buzzer in the fry cooking process?

Answer 20

It signals when fries should be taken out of the oil

Question 21

How long is the rules manual that employees must study?

Answer 21

Over 350 pages long

Question 22

List the steps for promotion within a restaurant.

Answer 22

• Fry cook
• Hamburger cook
• Counter person
• Crew chief
• Assistant manager

Question 23

What is the primary focus of a market culture?

Answer 23

Conducting transactions with external constituencies

Question 24

What are the primary objectives of market-type organizations?

Answer 24

• Profitability
• Bottom-line results
• Strength in market niches
• Secure customer bases

Question 25

True or False: Market organizations emphasize internal control through rules and specialized jobs.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

What was the initiative taken by Philips Electronics to improve its competitive position?

Answer 26

Centurion

Question 27

What defines success in a market culture?

Answer 27

Market share and penetration

Question 28

What are the hallmark characteristics of a clan culture?

Answer 28

* Teamwork * Employee involvement * Corporate commitment to employees

Question 29

What is the major task of management in a clan culture?

Answer 29

To empower employees and facilitate participation

Question 30

What airline is cited as an example of a clan-type organization?

Answer 30

PeopleExpress Airlines

Question 31

Fill in the blank: The clan culture is characterized by a friendly place to work where people share a lot of _______.

Answer 31

themselves

Question 32

What is the main focus of an adhocracy culture?

Answer 32

Fostering entrepreneurship and creativity

Question 33

How are adhocracies described in terms of organizational structure?

Answer 33

Temporary and dynamic

Question 34

What industries typically utilize adhocracy as an organizational form?

Answer 34

* Aerospace * Software development * Think-tank consulting * Filmmaking

Question 35

What happens to the organization structure in an adhocracy after a project ends?

Answer 35

The structure disintegrates

Question 36

What was a significant characteristic of the Apollo 13 mission's organizational structure?

Answer 36

Leadership and team membership changed regularly

Question 37

What is a key assumption about the external environment in a market culture?

Answer 37

It is hostile

Question 38

What does the term 'adhocracy' imply?

Answer 38

Something temporary, specialized, and dynamic

Question 39

What defines success in an adhocracy culture?

Answer 39

Producing unique and original products and services

Question 40

What are the core values that dominate market-type organizations?

Answer 40

* Competitiveness * Productivity

Question 41

What is the primary emphasis of an organization focused on rapid growth?

Answer 41

Producing unique and original products and services.

Question 42

What does the Competing Values Framework order in organizations?

Answer 42

Cultural values and forms of organizing.

Question 43

What is the orientation of a Clan culture type?

Answer 43

Collaborative.

Question 44

What are the value drivers of the Adhocracy culture type?

Answer 44

* Innovative outputs * Transformation * Agility

Question 45

What is the dominant leadership style in a Hierarchy culture?

Answer 45

Coordinator.

Question 46

In a Market culture, what are the effectiveness criteria?

Answer 46

* Market share * Goal achievement * Profitability

Question 47

True or False: More than 80 percent of organizations studied have a dominant cultural style.

Answer 47

True.

Question 48

What leadership style is associated with Clan culture?

Answer 48

Facilitator.

Question 49

What managerial effectiveness is tied to in organizations dominated by Hierarchy culture?

Answer 49

Organizing, controlling, and maintaining efficiency.

Question 50

Fill in the blank: The criteria of effectiveness most valued in a Clan culture include _______.

Answer 50

Cohesion, high levels of employee morale and satisfaction, human resource development, and teamwork.

Question 51

What operational theory drives success in a Market culture?

Answer 51

Competition creates an impetus for higher levels of productivity.

Question 52

What is a key reason for the failure of Total Quality Management (TQM) initiatives?

Answer 52

Partial deployment.

Question 53

What does the Competing Values Framework highlight in Total Quality Management?

Answer 53

A comprehensive set of TQM factors.

Question 54

What HR role is associated with building a Clan culture?

Answer 54

Employee champion.

Question 55

What are the ends of the HR role as a Change agent in an Adhocracy culture?

Answer 55

Organizational renewal.

Question 56

What HR competencies are essential for an Administrative specialist in a Hierarchy culture?

Answer 56

* Process improvement * Customer relations * Service needs assessment

Question 57

What is the role of a human resource manager in a Market culture?

Answer 57

Strategic business partner.

Question 58

Fill in the blank: New organizations tend to be dominated by the _______ quadrant in their earliest stages.

Answer 58

Adhocracy.

Question 59

What crisis do organizations often face as they grow?

Answer 59

The need to emphasize structure and standard procedures.

Question 60

What does the effectiveness of the highest-performing leaders depend on?

Answer 60

Their ability to succeed in each of the four quadrants.

Question 61

What is the dominant operational theory in a Hierarchy culture?

Answer 61

Control fosters efficiency.

Question 62

What are common quality tools mentioned in TQM?

Answer 62

* Pareto charting * Fishbone diagrams * Affinity charts

Question 63

What does a successful TQM project require?

Answer 63

Integration of elements from all four culture types.

Question 64

What is a characteristic of an organization dominated by Market culture?

Answer 64

Hard-driving, competitive leadership.

Question 65

What type of culture is characterized by a family feeling and strong sense of belonging?

Answer 65

Clan culture ## Footnote Clan culture fulfills social and emotional needs within the organization.

Question 66

What crisis arises as an organization grows and needs to emphasize structure?

Answer 66

The need for a hierarchy culture ## Footnote This often leads to a perception of lost personal satisfaction among members.

Question 67

What type of culture emphasizes competitiveness and external relationships?

Answer 67

Market culture ## Footnote This culture focuses on customer orientation and competition outside the organization.

Question 68

Which culture type is often dominant in mature and highly effective organizations?

Answer 68

One or more of the four culture types ## Footnote These include clan, adhocracy, hierarchy, and market cultures.

Question 69

How did Apple Computer's culture change as it grew?

Answer 69

From adhocracy to hierarchy and then to market culture ## Footnote This shift often led to a decrease in personal satisfaction among employees.

Question 70

What was the initial culture of Apple Computer when it was founded?

Answer 70

Adhocracy culture ## Footnote Characterized by flexibility and a lack of formal policies.

Question 71

What was the purpose of the Macintosh Team at Apple?

Answer 71

To develop a user-friendly personal computer ## Footnote The team aimed to create a product for home use, not just for engineers.

Question 72

What cultural shift occurred at Apple due to the need for more controls and standard procedures?

Answer 72

A shift to hierarchy culture ## Footnote This change often created a crisis within the organization.

Question 73

Who was hired to manage Apple's shift to stability and control?

Answer 73

John Scully ## Footnote He was an efficiency expert from PepsiCo.

Question 74

What did the culture of Apple look like after Jobs was ousted?

Answer 74

Emphasis on efficiency and marketing savvy ## Footnote This marked a significant shift from its original innovative culture.

Question 75

What was a key factor in Apple's performance difficulties in the late 1990s?

Answer 75

Continued emphasis on bottom two quadrants of culture ## Footnote This hindered innovation in a rapidly changing industry.

Question 76

What is necessary for culture change in large, mature organizations?

Answer 76

Conscious management ## Footnote Unlike young companies, culture change in mature organizations is less predictable.

Question 77

What type of culture characterized the traditional banking industry?

Answer 77

Clan and hierarchy cultures ## Footnote These cultures are highly regulated and controlled.

Question 78

What did the cultural perspectives of Meridian Bancorp's top management team reflect after five years?

Answer 78

A more competitive, diversified financial services company ## Footnote This was due to pressures from acquisitions and market competition.

Question 79

What cultural emphasis dominated Meridian Bancorp after changes in its management team?

Answer 79

Market culture and adhocracy culture ## Footnote This reflected a shift towards competitiveness and innovation.

Question 80

What is one key takeaway regarding the Competing Values Framework?

Answer 80

Congruence between dominant culture and leadership styles contributes to higher performance ## Footnote Mismatches can create discomfort that may motivate change.

Question 81

What three perspectives on organizational culture did Joanne Martin differentiate?

Answer 81

Integration, differentiation, and fragmentation perspectives ## Footnote Each perspective offers a different view on organizational culture.

Question 82

What is the integration perspective on culture?

Answer 82

Assumes that culture serves as the glue that holds people together ## Footnote It suggests consensus about what culture exists in an organization.

Question 83

What is the differentiation perspective on culture?

Answer 83

Assumes that culture is manifested by differences among subunits ## Footnote It highlights conflicts of interest within the organization.

Question 84

What is the fragmentation perspective on culture?

Answer 84

Assumes that culture is ambiguous and unknowable ## Footnote It suggests that individuals shift cultures frequently within the organization.

Question 85

What is a key advantage of a strong organizational culture?

Answer 85

It can lead organizations toward extraordinary success ## Footnote Culture acts as a competitive advantage when it is a common, consensual set of values.