Human Reprodution Flashcards
What is reproduction
Reproduction is the production of new individuals
What is a gamete
A sex cell e.g. Sperm or egg
What do the testes do
Makes sperm and produces the male hormone testosterone
What does the scrotum do
Holds testes outside the body and keeps them below 37 degrees centigrade
What do the sperm ducts do
Carry sperm to the penis from the testes
What is semen
Seminal fluid and sperm
What does the penis do
Allows sperm to pass out of the male body and into the female body
What do the ovaries do
Produces eggs and the female hormone oestrogen
What does the Fallopian tube do
Carries the egg from the overs to the womb. It is where fertilisation takes place
What does the uterus do
Holds baby during pregnancy
What is the cervix
The entrance of the womb
What does the vagina do
Holds penis during sexual intercourses and allows child birth
What is puberty
The time when a person become sexually mature. Triggers the production of hormones
When does puberty begin
On average 12-13 in boys and 11-12 in girls
What are the sexual characteristics that develop in boys
Testes and penis increase in size
Sperm starts to be produced
Increased interest in girls
What are the physical characteristics of boys that develop
Growth in pubic hair facial hair and hair elsewhere
Sudden growth spurt
Chest deepens, shoulders broaden and increased muscle mass
Larynx (Adams apple) widens and voice breaks then deepens
Spots appear due to excessive production of oil
What are the Sexual characteristics that develop in girls
Ovaries and the womb increase in size
The menstrual cycle begins
Increased interest in boys
What are the Physical characteristics that develop in girls
Breast grow Hips widen Pubic hair appears Sudden growth spurt Spots appear due to the excessive production of oils
What is the path of sperm
The male places his erect penis into the woman’s vagina and results in ejeculation (release sperm and semen)
The sperm travels up the vagina, through the uterus and into the Fallopian tube where fertilisation takes place
What is fertilisation
It is the joining of the male and female gametes to form a zygote
What happens after fertilisation
The zygote divides a number of times as it makes its way to the uterus. It then latches onto the side of the uterus (implantation) and the woman is pregnant.
What happens during pregnancy
After implantation the embryo is surrounded by a membrane called amnion. The membrane is filled with a liquid called amniotic fluid. This acts as a shock absorber to protect the baby for 38 week/ 9 months
What does the placenta do
Passes oxygen and food from the mother to the foetus
Passes wastes from the foetus through the mother
What is the umbilical cord
Connects the placenta and foetus
What happens during birth
Muscles in the uterus begin to contract
Amnion bursts
The cervix widens
Contractions cause the baby to be pushed out
What is an embryo
A baby that isn’t fully formed yet
What is a foetus
A fully formed baby that isn’t born
What are the Sexual characteristics that develop in girls
Ovaries and the womb increase in size
The menstrual cycle begins
Increased interest in boys
What are the Physical characteristics that develop in girls
Breast grow Hips widen Pubic hair appears Sudden growth spurt Spots appear due to the excessive production of oils
What is the path of sperm
The male places his erect penis into the woman’s vagina and results in ejeculation (release sperm and semen)
The sperm travels up the vagina, through the uterus and into the Fallopian tube where fertilisation takes place
What is fertilisation
It is the joining of the male and female gametes to form a zygote
What happens after fertilisation
The zygote divides a number of times as it makes its way to the uterus. It then latches onto the side of the uterus (implantation) and the woman is pregnant.
What happens during pregnancy
After implantation the embryo is surrounded by a membrane called amnion. The membrane is filled with a liquid called amniotic fluid. This acts as a shock absorber to protect the baby for 38 week/ 9 months
What does the placenta do
Passes oxygen and food from the mother to the foetus
Passes wastes from the foetus through the mother
What is the umbilical cord
Connects the placenta and foetus
What happens during birth
Muscles in the uterus begin to contract
Amnion bursts
The cervix widens
Contractions cause the baby to be pushed out
What is an embryo
A baby that isn’t fully formed yet
What is a foetus
A fully formed baby that isn’t born
