Human Reproductive System Flashcards
Learn the Basics (Probably some are not)
What is the primary function of the human reproductive system?
Producing, storing, and delivering reproductive cells (gametes) to facilitate reproduction
It also plays a key role in hormone production, influencing secondary sexual characteristics and reproductive health.
What are the primary sex organs in the male reproductive system?
Testicles and Ovaries
What type of cells does meiosis produce?
Haploid cells (n)
What type of cells does mitosis produce?
Diploid cells (2n)
What are the male and female gametes?
Egg and Sperm Cell
What is the result of the fusion of sperm and egg?
Fertilization
What is the role of the Epididymis in the male reproductive system?
Stores and matures sperm, giving them the ability to swim and fertilize an egg
What structure transports sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis?
Rete Testis
What is the function of the Tunica Albuginea?
Provides protection, support, and structural division around the testicle
What is the purpose of the Tunica Vaginalis?
Lubricates and allows testicles to move freely within the scrotum
What are lobules in the testicle?
Small compartments containing seminiferous tubules where sperm is produced
What do Septula do in the testicle?
Divide the testicle into lobules, providing structure and organization
What are Seminiferous Tubules?
Coiled tubes in the lobules where sperm is produced and nourished by Sertoli cells
What is the function of the penis?
Serves as the conduit for both urine and semen
What is the role of the Urethra?
Carries urine from the bladder and transports semen during ejaculation
What does the scrotum do?
Houses and protects the testicles and regulates their temperature
What is the primary function of the testes?
Producing sperm and the hormone testosterone
What is the function of the Vas Deferens?
Transports mature sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts
What is the Ejaculatory Duct?
Carries sperm and seminal fluid into the urethra during ejaculation
What are the two cylindrical structures in the penis that fill with blood during an erection?
Corpus Cavernosum
What is the Corpus Spongiosum?
A structure that surrounds the urethra and prevents it from being compressed during an erection
What does the Bulbourethral Gland do?
Produces a fluid that lubricates the urethra and neutralizes acidity before ejaculation
What is the role of the Prostate Gland?
Secretes a fluid that nourishes and protects sperm, aiding in sperm motility
What does the Seminal Vesicle produce?
A fluid rich in fructose that provides energy for sperm
What is the composition of semen?
Semen + Sperm Cell
What is the function of the bladder?
Stores urine before expulsion
What is the Glans Penis?
The sensitive, rounded tip of the penis that plays a key role in sexual stimulation
What is the primary function of the ovary in the female reproductive system?
Produces eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone
What is the role of the uterus?
Where a fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus
What is the function of the Fallopian Tube?
Transports the egg from the ovary to the uterus; fertilization usually occurs here
What is the Broad Ligament?
Supports and stabilizes the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries
What is the Endometrium?
The inner lining of the uterus that thickens during the menstrual cycle
What does the Myometrium do?
Contracts during childbirth and menstruation
What are the Internal and External OS?
Upper and lower openings of the cervix, connecting to the uterus and vagina
What is the function of the cervix?
Connects to the vagina and plays a role in fertility, pregnancy, and childbirth
What is the vagina?
A muscular canal for menstrual flow, sexual intercourse, and childbirth
What is the Primordial Follicle?
The earliest stage of follicle development containing an immature egg
What is the Preovulatory Follicle?
A fully mature follicle ready for ovulation
What is the process of Ovum Release?
The egg exits the follicle and enters the fallopian tube for potential fertilization
What does the Corpus Luteum do?
Produces hormones to prepare the uterus for implantation
What is the Corpus Albicans?
The degenerated form of the corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur
What is the Germinal Epithelium?
The outermost layer of the ovary, playing a role in protection
What is the function of the Isthmus in the fallopian tubes?
Helps transport the fertilized or unfertilized egg toward the uterus
What is the Ampulla in the fallopian tubes?
The widest and longest section where fertilization usually occurs
What is the Fundus of the uterus?
The upper, rounded part that expands during pregnancy
What does the Perimetrium do?
Provides structural support and reduces friction with surrounding organs
What is the Clitoris?
A small, highly sensitive organ that plays a major role in sexual pleasure
What is the Labia Minora?
Inner folds of skin that protect the vaginal and urethral openings
What is the function of the Labia Majora?
Outer folds of skin that protect the external genitalia
What is the Mons Pubis?
A fatty area above the pubic bone that cushions and protects underlying structures
What is the Vestibule?
The area between the labia minora containing openings of the urethra and vagina
What is the role of Adipose Tissue in mammary glands?
Provides structure, protection, and insulation to the breast
What do Suspensory Ligaments do in the breast?
Maintain breast shape and anchor it to the chest wall
What are Lobules in the mammary glands?
Small clusters of milk-producing sacs within the lobes
What is the function of the Milk Duct?
Channels that transport milk from the lobules to the nipple
What is the Lactiferous Sinus?
Stores milk before it is released through the nipple
What is the Areola?
The pigmented area around the nipple that contains glands for lubrication
