Human Reproduction and Development

Question 1

ovulation

Answer 1

Once a month, a mature egg is released from the ovary where it is swept into the Fallopian tube via fimbriae. The egg has a 24-hour period to become fertilized by sperm that have traveled to the Fallopian tube following intercourse.

involves egg and fallopian tube

Question 2

fertilization

Answer 2

Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

fallopian tube

Question 3

zygote

Answer 3

the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

fallopian tube

Question 4

cleavage

Answer 4

A process in the fallopian tube in which a zygote starts to undergo rapid cell division. It is meant to make the zygote turn into a multicellular organism called the embryo and make up the multiple organs of a human (heart, brain, etc.)

fallopian tube

Question 5

implantation

Answer 5

The process by which the zygote attaches to the uterine wall

uterus

Question 6

hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

Answer 6

hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone (tested in pregnancy test)

uterus

Question 7

primitive streak formation

Answer 7

firmly establishes bilateral symmetry and the cranial/caudal axis.

embryo

Question 8

chorion

Answer 8

• The outermost membrane around the embryo. It forms the placenta.
• The placenta attaches to the uterine wall, anchoring the fetus during pregnancy. It nourishes and maintains the fetus through the umbilical cord.

Question 9

amnion

Answer 9

The inner membrane around the embryo that produces and stores amniotic fluid.

Question 10

amniotic fluid

Answer 10

clear liquid that surround the fetus during pregnancy. contains nutrients, hormones, and antibodies.

Question 11

umbilical cord

Answer 11

• Tissue the runs between the fetus and the placenta that is attached to the uterus.
• brings oxygen and nutrients to the embryo from the placenta, while removing carbon dioxide and wastes products from the embryo

Question 12

Development of extraembryonic structures

Answer 12

• chorion
• amnion
• amniotic fluid
• umbilical cord

Question 13

gastrulation

Answer 13

The process describing the formation of the three germ layers. The germ layers will give rise to all body tissues

endoderm (innermost layer)
mesoderm (middle layer)
ectoderm(outmost layer)

Question 14

Organogenesis

Answer 14

process where all of the embryo’s organs start to form.

Question 15

SRY gene activation occurs

Answer 15

the “master sex switch” that determines that the growing embryo will be male. Otherwise it remains female.

Question 16

heart

Answer 16

It beats to circulate blood throughout the body.

Question 17

limb buds

Answer 17

they will develop into the arms and legs of the fetus

Question 18

Ossification

Answer 18

A process where an existing tissue in the body gets converted to bone tissue

Question 19

neurons

Answer 19

neurons/nerve cells can generate action potential (electrical signals) which allow for contraction of skeletal muscles.

Question 20

three stages of labor

Answer 20

1. dilation of the cervix
2. pushing and birth
3. deliver of the placenta