Human Reproduction and Development Flashcards
ovulation
Once a month, a mature egg is released from the ovary where it is swept into the Fallopian tube via fimbriae. The egg has a 24-hour period to become fertilized by sperm that have traveled to the Fallopian tube following intercourse.
involves egg and fallopian tube
fertilization
Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
fallopian tube
zygote
the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo
fallopian tube
cleavage
A process in the fallopian tube in which a zygote starts to undergo rapid cell division. It is meant to make the zygote turn into a multicellular organism called the embryo and make up the multiple organs of a human (heart, brain, etc.)
fallopian tube
implantation
The process by which the zygote attaches to the uterine wall
uterus
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone (tested in pregnancy test)
uterus
primitive streak formation
firmly establishes bilateral symmetry and the cranial/caudal axis.
embryo
chorion
- The outermost membrane around the embryo. It forms the placenta.
- The placenta attaches to the uterine wall, anchoring the fetus during pregnancy. It nourishes and maintains the fetus through the umbilical cord.
amnion
The inner membrane around the embryo that produces and stores amniotic fluid.
amniotic fluid
clear liquid that surround the fetus during pregnancy. contains nutrients, hormones, and antibodies.
umbilical cord
- Tissue the runs between the fetus and the placenta that is attached to the uterus.
- brings oxygen and nutrients to the embryo from the placenta, while removing carbon dioxide and wastes products from the embryo
Development of extraembryonic structures
- chorion
- amnion
- amniotic fluid
- umbilical cord
gastrulation
The process describing the formation of the three germ layers. The germ layers will give rise to all body tissues
endoderm (innermost layer)
mesoderm (middle layer)
ectoderm(outmost layer)
Organogenesis
process where all of the embryo’s organs start to form.
SRY gene activation occurs
the “master sex switch” that determines that the growing embryo will be male. Otherwise it remains female.