Human Reproduction and Development Flashcards

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1
Q

ovulation

A

Once a month, a mature egg is released from the ovary where it is swept into the Fallopian tube via fimbriae. The egg has a 24-hour period to become fertilized by sperm that have traveled to the Fallopian tube following intercourse.

involves egg and fallopian tube

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2
Q

fertilization

A

Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

fallopian tube

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3
Q

zygote

A

the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

fallopian tube

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4
Q

cleavage

A

A process in the fallopian tube in which a zygote starts to undergo rapid cell division. It is meant to make the zygote turn into a multicellular organism called the embryo and make up the multiple organs of a human (heart, brain, etc.)

fallopian tube

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5
Q

implantation

A

The process by which the zygote attaches to the uterine wall

uterus

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6
Q

hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

A

hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone (tested in pregnancy test)

uterus

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7
Q

primitive streak formation

A

firmly establishes bilateral symmetry and the cranial/caudal axis.

embryo

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8
Q

chorion

A
  • The outermost membrane around the embryo. It forms the placenta.
  • The placenta attaches to the uterine wall, anchoring the fetus during pregnancy. It nourishes and maintains the fetus through the umbilical cord.
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9
Q

amnion

A

The inner membrane around the embryo that produces and stores amniotic fluid.

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10
Q

amniotic fluid

A

clear liquid that surround the fetus during pregnancy. contains nutrients, hormones, and antibodies.

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11
Q

umbilical cord

A
  • Tissue the runs between the fetus and the placenta that is attached to the uterus.
  • brings oxygen and nutrients to the embryo from the placenta, while removing carbon dioxide and wastes products from the embryo
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12
Q

Development of extraembryonic structures

A
  • chorion
  • amnion
  • amniotic fluid
  • umbilical cord
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13
Q

gastrulation

A

The process describing the formation of the three germ layers. The germ layers will give rise to all body tissues

endoderm (innermost layer)
mesoderm (middle layer)
ectoderm(outmost layer)

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14
Q

Organogenesis

A

process where all of the embryo’s organs start to form.

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15
Q

SRY gene activation occurs

A

the “master sex switch” that determines that the growing embryo will be male. Otherwise it remains female.

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16
Q

heart

A

It beats to circulate blood throughout the body.

17
Q

limb buds

A

they will develop into the arms and legs of the fetus

18
Q

Ossification

A

A process where an existing tissue in the body gets converted to bone tissue

19
Q

neurons

A

neurons/nerve cells can generate action potential (electrical signals) which allow for contraction of skeletal muscles.

20
Q

three stages of labor

A
  1. dilation of the cervix
  2. pushing and birth
  3. deliver of the placenta