Human Reproduction

Question 1

Overies

Answer 1

Store and release eggs

Question 2

Fallopian tubes

Answer 2

The carry the eggs to the uterus, fertilization occurs here

Question 3

Uterus

Answer 3

Is where the fertilized egg becomes implanted and finds nourishment

Question 4

Cervix

Answer 4

It leads from the vagina to the uterus

Question 5

Vagina

Answer 5

Holds the male penis during sexual intercourse

Question 6

Ovulation

Answer 6

When an egg is released from the ovary on an average of 28 days

Question 7

Menstruation

Answer 7

The uterus becomes thicker and rich in blood vessels to be ready to receive the egg, if the egg is not fertilized by a sperm the thickened lining is not need and breaks away. The lining and a small amount of blood pass out through the vagina (day 1-5), another word for menstruation is a period.

Question 8

Fertile period

Answer 8

The days of the menstrual cycle when the woman is most likely to become pregnant. Intercourse 2 or 3 days before,during or after ovulation could lead to fertilization because sperm cells can survive for this long

Question 9

Pause to menstrual cycle

Answer 9

If an egg is fertilized, the menstrual cycle is paused for the duration of pregnancy. The first sign of pregnancy is often that menstruation does not happen.

Question 10

Menopause

Answer 10

Signal the end of a females ability to reproduce and also the end of her menstrual cycle. It happens at different ages for different people, typically in the late 40s to early 50s

Question 11

Testes

Answer 11

They produce sperm

Question 12

Scrotum

Answer 12

Is where the testes are, it is located outside the body to ensure the temperature is lower than body temperature for healthy sperm

Question 13

Epididymis

Answer 13

Is a coiled tube on the outside of each testis that stores sperm and allows them to mature fully.

Question 14

Vas deferens

Answer 14

(Sperm duct) brings the sperm from the testes to the penis

Question 15

Seminal vesicles, prostate gland and cowper’s gland

Answer 15

The produce seminal fluid which mixes with sperm to form semen, it nourishes the sperm and allow them to swim.

Question 16

Penis

Answer 16

Enters the female and ejaculates semen

Question 17

Puberty

Answer 17

Describes when the body starts becoming sexually mature (reproductive organs develop). It normally happens between the ages of 10 and 16

Question 18

Male puberty

Answer 18

In males, sex hormones (testosterone) are released causing the voice to deepen, hair grows around the sex organs, face, chest and underarms, the testes and penis grow bigger and start to produce sperm.

Question 19

Female puberty

Answer 19

In females when the sex hormones (oestrogen and progesterone) are released the breasts develop, hips widen and hair begins to grow on the body.
The first egg is released from the ovaries which leads to the first period occurring.
An egg will be released every month until the menopause

Question 20

Fertilization

Answer 20

If an egg is present in the Fallopian tube, and a couple have sexual intercourse, then one of the sperm cells may fuse with it.
The nuclei of the sperm and egg fuse together to form a fertilized egg.
The woman is now pregnant.

Question 21

Embryo

Answer 21

The fertilized egg then divides a number of times and the tiny group of cells moves down the Fallopian tubes to the uterus.
This group of cells settles into the lining of the uterus and continues to divide to form an embryo

Question 22

Zygote->Embryo->Foetus

Answer 22

Egg and sperm fuse to form a single 
Zygote
Cell division occurs and growth
Embryo, which attaches to the lining of the uterus (implantation) grows more, and after 8 weeks look like a human
Foetus

Question 23

Pregnancy

Answer 23

The average length of human pregnancy is 40 weeks
As the embryo develops in the uterus it is protected inside a bag of fluid called amniotic fluid
The fluid provides a cushion for the embryo

Question 24

Umbilical cord

Answer 24

A tube called the umbilical cord joins the embryo to the placenta.

Question 25

Placenta

Answer 25

The placenta is in rich blood vessels It is here at the placenta that food and oxygen from the mothers blood pass into the baby’s blood Also wastes such as carbon dioxide pass from the baby’s blood into the mothers.

Question 26

Labour

Answer 26

The birth of a baby begins when the uterus muscles start to contract

Question 27

Water break

Answer 27

The bag of amniotic fluid bursts and further contractions push the baby out usually head first, through the vagina.

Question 28

After birth

Answer 28

The umbilical cord is cut and it he placenta comes out after.

Question 29

Lactation

Answer 29

The production of breast milk.

Question 30

Colostrum

Answer 30

Very nutritious, and helps protect the baby from infection.

Question 31

Family planning

Answer 31

To control the number of children you have you need to control the number of times fertilization takes place.

Question 32

Natural methods of contraception

Answer 32

Aim to detect the day ovulation takes place and avoid intercourse during the fertile period.

Question 33

Artificial methods of contraception

Answer 33

The prevent the sperm and egg meeting An example of this is a condom which prevents sperm entering the vagina Another example is the contraceptive pill which prevents ovulation It is important to realize no method is 100% reliable

Question 34

Inherited characteristics

Answer 34

Many physical characteristics such as eye colour and shape of ears were inherited from your parents. The instructions for these inherited characteristics were carried in the two cells that made you the egg and sperm

Question 35

Chromosomes and genes

Answer 35

The nucleus of each sex cell (gamete) contains 23 thread like structures called

Question 36

Chromosomes

Answer 36

Chromosomes are made of protein + DNA | These chromosomes carry genes

Question 37

Genes

Answer 37

are chemicals found on chromosomes that pass on information from parents to children

Question 38

DNA

Answer 38

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 39

Taxonomy

Answer 39

Is the science of classifying organism

Question 40

Classification

Answer 40

is the placing of organisms into groups, based on similar characteristics. This simplifies the study of organisms and allow scientists to communicate with each other. The basic unit of classification is the species.

Question 41

A species

Answer 41

is a group of organisms that are capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring. (Liger = sterile offspring of a male lion and a female tiger) (A mule is the sterile offspring of a male donkey and a female horse)

Question 42

Variation

Answer 42

Means the difference in characteristics between members of the same species. Variations can be acquired (‘picked up’ during the life of the organisms) e.g riding a bicycle or inherited(genetic- can be passed on to next generation) e.g. tongue rolling

Question 43

Natural selection

Answer 43

The process by which the members of a species who are best suited to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce

Question 44

Variation caused by environment

Answer 44

(Where and how we live) our body fat is caused by how much we eat and how much exercise we do, and any hormonal factors affecting our body.

Question 45

Nature versus nurture

Answer 45

These two factors interact with each other. How tall a person grows may be influenced by their diet as well as their genes