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Biology > Human Reproduction > Flashcards

Human Reproduction Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

IVF

A

Fusion of egg and and sperm cell outside the body

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2
Q

Germ layer from which embryo arises

A

Ectoderm

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3
Q

What does the placenta form from

A

Uterine and embryonic tissues

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4
Q

2 reasons why mother and baby’s blood can’t mix

A

Different blood pressures

Different blood types

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5
Q

Day 1-5

A

Lining of the uterus breaks down and is shed from the body

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6
Q

Day 14

A

Ovulation

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7
Q

FSH

A

Produced by the pituitary gland
Days 1-5
Stimulates development of eggs

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8
Q

LH

A

Produced by the pituitary gland
Day 14
Stimulates ovulation

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9
Q

Oestrogen

A

Produced by the Graafian follicle
Days 5-14
Causes endometrium to develop
Inhibits FSH

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10
Q

Progesterone

A

Produced by corpus luteum
Days 14-28
Maintains structure of endometrium
Inhibits FSH and LH

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11
Q

Survival times of egg and sperm

A

Egg 12-48 hours

Sperm 0-7 days

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12
Q

Testes

A

Produce sperm by meiosis

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13
Q

Epididymis

A

Maturing of sperm cells

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14
Q

Sperm duct

A

Mixing of sperm and seminal fluid

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15
Q

Urethra

A

Carries urine/sperm out of the body at different times

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16
Q

Prostate gland

A

Mixing of sperm and seminal fluid

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17
Q

Penis

A

Places sperm in vagina

18
Q

Testosterone

A

Causes primary male sex characteristics ie.growth of penis

19
Q

Secondary male characteristics

A

Pubic hair
Widening of shoulders
Enlargement of larynx

20
Q

Male infertility

A

Low sperm count
Cause:alcohol
Corrective measure:change in diet/lifestyle

21
Q

Ovulation

A

Release of an egg from ovary

22
Q

Ovaries

A

Eggs produced by meiosis
Haploid egg surrounded by Graafian follicle
Swells and bursts at ovulation to release eggs
After ovulation, follicle fills with yellow cells to become corpus luteum

23
Q

Fallopian tube

A

Where fertilisation occurs

24
Q

Menopause

A

When ovulation and menstruation stop happening in a female

25
Q

Menstrual cycle

A

A series of events that occurs every 28 days in the female if fertilisation has not taken place

26
Q

Days 1-5

A

Edometrium breaks down and is shed from the body
Meiosis occurs in the ovary to produce a new egg
FSH stimulates production of Graafian follicle which surrounds egg

27
Q

Days 6-14

A

Oestrogen inhibits the secretion of FSH which ensures only one follicle forms

28
Q

Day 14

A

Ovulation due to a surge of LH

Graafian follicle bursts

29
Q

Days 14-28

A

Graafian follicle develops into corpus luteum

Produced progesterone

30
Q

Days 28

A

Endometrium breaks down

Menstruation occurs

31
Q

Menstruation

A

Discharge of the lining of the uterus and the fertilised eggs

32
Q

Secondary female characteristics

A

Widening of pelvis
Enlargement of breasts
Growth of pubic hair

33
Q

Fibroids

A

Benign tumours that grow in the muscular wall of the uterus

34
Q

Morula

A

Ball of cells that form as a result of mitosis

35
Q

Blastocyst

A

Fluid filled sac containing an inner cell mass

36
Q

Three germ layers

A

Ectoderm-nervous system
Mesoderm-musculoskeletal system
Endoderm-liver

37
Q

Childbirth

A 
Oxytocin stimulates contractions 
Amniotic sac breaks 
Cervix dilates 
Baby is pushed out 
Umbilical cord is cut and clamped
Placenta is expelled
38
Q

Advantage of breast feeding

A

Colostrum contains antibodies which help protect the baby from diseases in the first few weeks

39
Q

Causes of infertility in males

A

Low speed count

Endocrine gland failure

40
Q

Cause of infertility in females

A

Fallopian tube blockage

41
Q

Where does meiosis occur in males

A

Testes

42
Q

Where does meiosis occur in females

A

Ovary

Biology (13 decks)

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