Human Reproduction Flashcards
Label organs A-E:
A: oviduct
B: uterus
C: ovary
D: cervix
E: vagina
What is the function of the prostate gland?
Releases a liquid which mixes with sperm to form the semen
What secondary sexual characteristics develop in girls during puberty?
Voice deepens Pubic and underarm hair grow Hips widen Breasts develop Periods start Increased fat deposits Mood changes
Describe the effects of FSH on the menstrual cycle
Stimulates maturation of egg in follicle Stimulates oestrogen production
What is the function of the sperm duct (vas deferens)?
Transports sperm from testes to urethra
What is the function of the urethra during sexual intercourse in men?
Transports semen - allows ejaculation from the body
Describe the effects of oestrogen on the menstrual cycle
Stimulates the uterus lining to regrow and thicken Inhibits (blocks) FSH production Stimulates LH production
What is the function of the penis?
Contains tissue which fills with blood, to become erect during sexual intercourse, allowing insertion into vagina and ejaculation of semen for internal fertilisation
What is the function of the uterus?
Where the embryo and fetus develop - muscular, so can stretch to accommodate the fetus
Name the gland and target organs for oestrogen (in the menstrual cycle)
gland: ovary (follicle) target organ: uterus (lining) and pituitary gland
What is the function of the oviduct (fallopian tube)?
Transport eggs from ovary to uterus Site of fertilisation
What is the function of the scrotum?
Hold testes outside the body, providing optimum temperature for sperm development
Name the gland and target organs for LH
pituitary gland target organ: ovary (follicle)
What are the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction?
Sexual requires gametes, asexual does not Sexual results in offspring that are genetically different to parents and each other, asexual does not Sexual requires two parents, whereas asexual requires one parent Sexual involves mitosis and meiosis, asexual just mitosis
What is the function of the ovaries?
Produce and release mature sex cells (eggs)
Describe the effects of LH on the menstrual cycle
Stimulates release of the egg (ovulation) and formation of the yellow body
Name the gland and target organs for progesterone
gland: ovary (yellow body) target organ: uterus (lining) and pituitary gland
Label organs A-F:
A: sperm duct (vas deferens)
B: urethra
C: penis
D: testes
E: scrotum
F: prostate gland
What hormones control the development of male and female secondary sexual characteristics?
Male: testosterone Female: oestrogen
What is a zygote?
Fertilised egg cell - first diploid cell
Label organs A-F:
A: testes
B: sperm duct (vas deferens)
C: prostate gland
D: urethra
E: penis
F: scrotum
What is the function of the vagina?
Penis inserted here during sexual intercourse Widens to allow passage of baby during labour
What is the function of the placenta?
Exchange of materials, by diffusion, between mother and fetus
What is the function of the amniotic fluid?
Cushion the fetus and protect from bumps and shocks
How is the placenta specialised as an exchange surface?
Large surface area due to folding High concentration gradient due to many capillaries Short diffusion distance due to many capillaries
Name the gland and target organs for FSH
pituitary gland target organ: ovary (follicle)
Label organs A-E:
A: ovary
B: oviduct (fallopian tube)
C: uterus
D: cervix
E: vagina
What is fertilisation?
Fusion of the male and female sex cells (gametes) to produce a zygote
What is the function of the testes?
Sperm and testosterone production
What is the function of the menstrual cycle?
To prepare the female’s body for pregnancy - maturation of egg and thickening of uterus lining
What male characteristics develop during puberty?
Voice breaks and deepens Pubic, underarm and facial hair grows Increased muscle mass Sperm production starts Mood changes
How does a zygote become an embryo?
Mitosis
What substances move from fetus to mother?
carbon dioxide, urea
What substances move from mother to fetus?
oxygen, glucose, amino acids, fats, antibodies, minerals, vitamins
Describe the effects of progesterone on the menstrual cycle
Maintains uterus lining Inhibits FSH production Levels of progesterone fall as yellow body breaks down
