human reproduction Flashcards
testes function
where sperm cells and testosterone are produced
scrotum function
contains the testicles
sperm ducts function
tubes that carry sperm from the testes to the urethra
prostate gland function
secretes nutritive fluid that combines with sperm to form semen
urethra function
tube which allows excretion of urine and semen from body
ovaries function
develop egg cells
oviducts function
connects ovaries to uterus and contain cilia to transport egg cells through tube. where fertilization occurs
uterus function
where fetus develops
cervix function
separates vagina from uterus and hold baby in place during pregnancy. made of muscular tissue
vagina function
receives penis during intercourse.
what is fertilisation
the fusion of the nuclei from a male gamete (sperm cell) and a female gamete (egg cell)
what are the adaptive features of a sperm cell
- flagellum
- mitochondria
- enzymes in achrosome
what are the adaptive features of egg cells
- energy stores
- jelly coat that changes after fertilisation
explain the adaptive features of a sperm cell
-flagellum allows movement to egg cell
- many mitochondria to provide energy for movement
- enzymes in acrosome to digest through the jelly coat
explain the adaptive features of an egg cell
- energy stores to provide nutrients during early development of zygote
- jelly coat changes at fertilisation to ensure that only one sperm cell can enter
what does the zygote do in early development?
in early development, the zygote forms an embryo which is a cluster of cells that implants into the lining of the uterus
umbilical cord function
allows the exchange of substances between the mother and the foetus through the cord
placenta function
connects to the umbilical cord and allows the exchange of substances. also produces hormones such as progesterone and oestrogen
amniotic sac function
surrounds the foetus and produces amniotic fluid
amniotic fluid function
protects the foetus
Describe the function of the placenta and umbilical cord in relation to the exchange of dissolved nutrients, gases and excretory products between the blood of the mother and the blood of the fetus
mother passes essential nutrients to foetus through umbilical cord (amino acids, oxygen, glucose) as well as antibodies to allow foetus to develop resistance against pathogens. waste products diffuse out of foetus to be excreted out of mothers body.
is the foetus completely safe from disease?
no, as some pathogens and toxins can pass across the placenta and affect the foetus
