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Science > Reproduction And Genetics > Flashcards

Reproduction And Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

Ovaries

A

Store and release eggs

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2
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

Carry the egg to the uterus, fertilisation occurs here

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3
Q

Uterus

A

(Womb) is where the fertilised egg becomes implanted and finds nourishment

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4
Q

Cervix

A

Leads from the vagina to the uterus

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5
Q

Vagina

A

Holds the male penis during sexual intercourse

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6
Q

Ovulation

A

An egg is released from the ovary an average of every 28 days

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7
Q

The egg is released

A

On day 13 - 15 of the menstrual cycle and it passes along the fallopian tube to the uterus

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8
Q

Menstruation/period

A

The lining and a small amount of blood pass out through the vagina (day 1 - 5)

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9
Q

Fertile period

A

Theses are the days of the menstrual cycle when the woman is most likely to become pregnant

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10
Q

Menopause

A

Signals the end of a female’s ability to reproduce and also the end of her menstrual cycle. It happens at different ages for different people, typically in the late 40s to early 50s

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11
Q

Testes

A

Produce sperm

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12
Q

Scrotum

A

Is where the testes are, it is located outside the body to ensure the temperature is lower than body temperature for healthy sperm

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13
Q

Epididymis

A

Is a coiled tube on the outside of each testis that stores sperm and allows them to mature fully

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14
Q

Vas deferens (sperm duct)

A

Brings the sperm from the testes to the penis

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15
Q

Seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Cowper’s gland

A

Produce seminal fluid which mixes with sperm to form semen, it nourishes the sperm and allow them to swim

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16
Q

Penis

A

Enters the female and ejaculates semen

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17
Q

Puberty

A

Describes when the body starts becoming sexually mature (reproductive organs develop). It normally happens between the ages of 10 and 16

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18
Q

Male puberty

A

In males, sex hormones
(testosterone) are released causing the
voice to deepen, hair grows around the
sex organs, face, chest and underarms,
the testes and penis grow bigger and start
to produce sperm.

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19
Q

Female puberty

A

In females when the sex
hormones (oestrogen and progesterone)
are released the breasts develop, hips
widen, and hair begins to grow on the
body
• The first egg is released from the ovaries
which leads to the first period occurring
• An egg will be released every month until
the menopause

20
Q

During intercourse the man’s

A

penis fills
with blood and becomes hard enough to
be placed inside the woman’s vagina

21
Q

Semen

A

A mixture of sperm cells and seminal fluid
called (?) is released into the vagina

22
Q

The sperm swim

A

up the uterus and into
the fallopian tubes

23
Q

Fertilisation

A

If an egg is present in the
fallopian tube, and a couple have sexual
intercourse, then one of the sperm cells
may fuse with it

24
Q

Fertilised egg

A

The nuclei of the sperm and egg fuse
together to form a

25
Q

Zygote → Embryo → Foetus

A

• Egg and sperm fuse to form a single
• → Zygote
• Cell division occurs and growth
• → Embryo, which attaches to the lining of
the uterus (implantation) grows more, and
after 8 weeks looks like a human
• →Foetus

26
Q

Pregnancy

A

The average length of a human pregnancy is 40 weeks

27
Q

Amniotic fluid

A

• As the embryo develops in the uterus it is
protected inside a bag of fluid called
amniotic fluid
• This fluid provides a cushion for the
embryos

28
Q

Umbilical cord

A

A tube called the (blank) joins the
embryo to the placenta

29
Q

Placenta

A

is rich in blood vessels
• It is here at the placenta that food and
oxygen from the mothers blood pass into
the baby’s blood
• Also wastes such as Carbon dioxide pass
from the baby’s blood into the mothers

30
Q

Labour

A

The birth of a baby begins when the uterus
muscles start to contract
• This is called

31
Q

Water break

A

The bag of amniotic fluid bursts

32
Q

Afterbirth

A

The umbilical cord is cut and the placenta
comes out after

33
Q

Lactation

A

The production of breast milk is called

34
Q

Colostrum

A

The first three days of milk is called
(Blank) – very nutritious, and helps
protect the baby from infection

35
Q

Natural methods of contraception

A

aim
to detect the day ovulation takes place and
avoid intercourse during the fertile period

36
Q

Artificial methods of contraception

A

prevent the sperm and egg meeting

37
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

involves only one parent
• cells from this parent divide
and a new plant grows from
these cells
• this plant is identical to the
parent
e.g. strawberries, potatoes

38
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

• involves two parent plants
• a cell from each combining to
produce a seed which becomes
a new plant
• this plant has features of both
parents
e.g. apple, dandelions

39
Q

Genetics

A

is the study of the
inheritance of Characteristics

40
Q

Inheritable characteristics

A

Many
physical characteristics such as eye colour
and shape of ears were inherited from
your parents

41
Q

Chromosomes

A

The nucleus of each sex
cell (gamete) contains 23 thread like
structures called Chromosomes

42
Q

Chromosomes are made of

A

protein +
DNA. These chromosomes carry genes

43
Q

Genes

A

are chemicals found on
chromosomes that pass on information
from parents to children

44
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

45
Q

46 chromosomes

A

When an egg and
sperm cell fuse (each has 23
chromosomes) they give the individual
they are creating 46 chromosomes
• One set comes from the mother the other
from the father

Science (6 decks)

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