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Life Sciences > Human Reproduction > Flashcards

Human Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Function of ovary

A

Produces estrogen and egg cells

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2
Q

Function of oviduct

A

Carries egg cells toward the uterus

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3
Q

Function of uterus

A

Plays a role in the menstrual cycle; where fetus grows

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4
Q

Function of uterus lining

A

Where eggs are implanted

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5
Q

Function of uterus wall

A

Protects baby during pregnancy

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6
Q

Function of cervix

A

Produces mucus that stops bacteria and sperm from entering the uterus

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7
Q

Gamete

A

Sex cell

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8
Q

Function of testes

A

Produces sperm and testosterone

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9
Q

Function of scrotum

A

Since it’s outside the body, it keeps sperm cool

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10
Q

Function of urethra

A

Carries sperm and urine at different times

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11
Q

Function of prostate gland

A

Makes a fluid sperm can swim in

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12
Q

Function of epididymis

A

Stores sperm cells

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13
Q

Function of sperm duct

A

Carries sperm to the urethra

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14
Q

When does ovulation happen for a woman

A

When she reaches puberty, she ovulates once a month

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15
Q

Function of mid-section

A

Contains mitochondria which releases energy for swimming

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16
Q

Function of acrosome

A

It contains enzymes which digest the jelly layer surrounding the egg cell’s nucleus

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17
Q

Function of flagellum

A

Produces swimming movements

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18
Q

Function of nucleus

A

It has genetic material, which contains chromosomes and genes which determine what features something has

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19
Q

How is an egg carried along the fallopian tubes

A

The fallopian tubes are lined with cilia which beat rhythmically and sweep the egg cells along to the uterus

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20
Q

Peristalsis

A

Movement by walls of muscle helping egg cells travel

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21
Q

Fertilisation

A

When the nucleus of a sperm fuses with the nucleus of an egg cell to form a zygote

22
Q

Ejaculation

A

When a wave of contraction forces sperm to squeeze out of the man’s urethra

23
Q

How does a man become erect

A

Blood is pumped into spaces inside the penis

24
Q

Fetus

A

Developing baby in uterus 11 weeks after fertilisation

25
Q

Implantation

A

When the embryo sinks in the uterus lining and a placenta forms

26
Q

Zygote

A

A fertilised egg

27
Q

Embryo

A

A zygote that divided as it moved down the oviduct

28
Q

Stages leading to implantation

A
  1. Ovulation
  2. Fertilisation
  3. Zygote divides by mitosis
  4. After a few hours, a ball of cells is formed
  5. The ball of cells divide as it moves down the oviduct, creating an embryo
  6. Implantation
29
Q

Where is the placenta attached

A

To the wall of the uterus

30
Q

How is the placenta joined to the fetus

A

By the umbilical cord

31
Q

What does the placenta do?

A

Helps exchange substances between the mother’s blood and the embryo’s blood

32
Q

How does the fetus get nutrients from the mother

A

Nutrients in the mother’s blood diffuse across the placenta and into the fetus’s blood

33
Q

Which tissues belong to the fetus

A

Amnion, amniotic fluid, placenta and umbilical cord

34
Q

Function of amnion

A

Produces amniotic fluid, in which the fetus floats and is protected by bumps

35
Q

Menstrual cycle stages

A
  1. Menstruation
  2. Inside ovary, a follicle containing an egg cell develops; the uterus lining is repaired
  3. Ovulation
  4. The uterus lining becomes more thick, ready to receive embryo if egg cell is fertilised
36
Q

Birth control use

A

To not have unwanted children

37
Q

STD

A

An infection transmitted via body fluids through sexual contact

38
Q

How does HIV lead to AIDS

A

HIV is a virus that infects lymphocytes, so a body cannot be able to fight effectively against pathogens. Other diseases can take hold because the person is much more vulnerable.

39
Q

Chromosome

A

Thread-like structure of DNA made up of a string of genes

40
Q

DNA

A

Chemical from which chromosomes and genes are made

41
Q

Gene

A

Sequence of code to produce a protein

42
Q

Where does genetic material exist

A

In nucleus, divided into 46 chromosomes which contain genes

43
Q

Haploid

A

A cell containing one set of chromosomes (gametes)

44
Q

Diploid

A

Cell containing two sets of chromosomes (body cell)

45
Q

Homologous chromosome

A

Pair of two chromosomes that carry the same genes at the same positions

46
Q

Mitosis

A

Nuclear division producing genetically identical cells used for growth and repair

47
Q

Homologous

A

Same “page” in the book locus

48
Q

Allele

A

Different versions of the same gene/“recipe”

49
Q

Homozygous

A

Having two identical alleles of a particular gene

50
Q

Heterozygous

A

Having two different alleles of a particular gene

51
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic makeup of an organism in terms of the alleles present

52
Q

Phenotype

A

Features/characteristics of an organism

Life Sciences (1 decks)

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