Human Reproduction Flashcards
1
Q
Humans reproduce
A
Sexually
2
Q
Humans are
A
Dioecius
3
Q
Internal fertilization takes place in
A
Ampullary region
4
Q
Humans are
A
Viviparous
5
Q
1st stage of sexual reproduction
A
Gametogenesis
6
Q
2nd stage of reproduction
A
Insemination
7
Q
Insemination takes place in
A
Vagina
8
Q
Semination
A
Transfer of semen from testes to vasa efferentia
9
Q
3rd stage of sexual reproduction
A
Syngamy
10
Q
Zygote formation is a
A
Fertilization event
11
Q
4th stage of sexual reproduction
A
Repeated mitotic division of zygote
12
Q
Zygote forms
A
Morula
13
Q
Morula forms
A
Blastocyst/blastula
14
Q
Blastocyst forms
A
Gastrula
15
Q
Morula is
A
16 cell stage
16
Q
Gastrula forms
A
Neurula
17
Q
Implantation happens in which stage
A
Blastocyst
18
Q
5th stage of human reproduction
A
Gestation period
19
Q
6th stage of human reproduction
A
Parturition/delivery
20
Q
7th stage of human reproduction
A
Lactation
21
Q
Sperm is formed at what age
A
12-15 yrs
22
Q
Eggs are formed at what age
A
Larval stage
23
Q
Eggs mature at what age
A
Puberty
24
Q
Menopause occurs at what age
A
50yrs
25
Male reproductive system is located in
Pelvic region
26
Primary/essential male sex organs
Testes(2)- gonad
27
Testes is extra abdominal to (function)
Keep it 2-2.5° lower than body temp
28
Male Accessory ducts-6
```
Retetestis
Vasa efferentia
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra
```
29
Male Accessory glands - 3
Seminal vesicles - 2
Prostrate gland -1
Cowper's gland/bulbourethral gland - 2
30
External male genetalia
Penis
31
Testes descended into scrotum during
7th-8th month of pregnancy
32
Failure of descendence of testes into scrotum
Cryptorchidism
| Cured by orchioplexy
33
Spermatic cord
Holds testes in scrotum
34
Inguinal canal
Connects scrotum to abdominal region
35
Diameter of testis
4-5 cm
36
Width of testes
2-3 cm
37
How many testecular lobules in each testes
250
38
Structure and functional unit of testes
Semineferous tubules
39
Terminal part of SNFT
Tubuli recti
40
Network like structure formed by tubuli recti
Retetestis
41
Vasa efferentia carry sperm from
Retetestis to epididymis
42
Head of epididymis
Caput
43
Body of epididymis
Corpus
44
Tail of epididymis
Cauda
45
Functional maturation of sperms takes place in
Vas deferens
46
Vas deferens loops over
Urinary bladder
47
Vas deferens recieves duct from
Seminal vesicle at ampulla
48
Ejaculatory duct joins
Urethra obliquely
49
1st part of urethra
Prostratic urethra
50
2nd part of urethra
Membranous urethra
51
Membranous urethra located near
Cowper's gland
52
3rd part of urethra
Penile urethra
53
Opening of urethra
Urethral meatus
54
Foreskin aka
Prepuce
55
Scrotum is located
Extra abdominal
56
Scrotum keeps temp
2-2.5°C lower
57
Scrotum 2 compartments demarkated by
Raphe
58
Scrotal septum
Elastic fibres and connective tissue separate scrotal compartments
59
Dartose muscle
Smooth muscle in scrotum present below skin
60
Cremaster muscle
Skeletal muscle present below dartose muscle in scrotum
61
Cremaster muscle extends up to
Inguinal canal
62
Cremaster muscle helps in
Thermoregulation
63
______ holds testes in scrotum
Spermatic cord
64
Spermatic cord consists of
Arteries veins nerves lymphatics
65
Posterior part of testes attached to scrotum by
Gubernaculum
66
Gubernaculum aka
Mesorchium
67
Outermost covering of testes
Tunica vaginalis
68
Tunica vaginalis covers testes except
Posterior part where testicular vessels enter
69
Outer layer of Tunica vaginalis
Parietal layer
70
Middle layer of Tunica vaginalis
Vaginalis cavity
71
Inner layer of Tunica vaginalis
Visceral layer
72
Tunica albuginea
Inward folding causes 250 lobules to form
73
Middle layer of testes
Tunica albuginea
74
Innermost layer of testes covering
Tunica vasculosa
75
Tunica vasculosa
Blood capillaries
76
Septum like structure made by tunica albuginea at posterior part
Mediastinum testes
77
_____ present in mediastinum testes
Retetestis
78
Caput epididymis aka
Globus major
79
Cauda epididymis aka
Globus minor
80
Average length of epididymis(coiled)
4cm
81
Average length of epididymis (uncoiled)
6m
82
Vas deferens and epididymis developed from
Wolfian duct of mesonephros stage
83
Fallopian tube develops from
Mullerian duct
84
2 cylinders of muscular erectile tissue
Corpora cavernosa
85
Corpora cavernosa located
Dorsally, longitudinally below skin in penis
86
Corpus spongiosum
Cylinder of muscular erectile tissue located ventrally and longitudinally in penis
87
Glans penis has only
Corpora spongiosum
88
Urethral meatus present in
Corpora spongiosum
89
Tunica albuginea
Dense, white, fibrious, connective tissue that covers both erectile tissue
90
Tunica albuginea provide
Blood and nerve supply
91
Erection and ejaculation under ___ nervous system
Autonomous
92
Erection occurs due to
parasympathetic nervous system
93
Erection causes _____ in blood vessels and muscles
Dilation
94
Erection
Gushing of blood to penis
95
Parasympathetic nerve fibres arise from
Sacrum
96
Ejaculation occurs due to
Sympathetic nervous system
97
Temperature low then cremaster muscle undergoes _____ to ______
Contraction
| Bring testes closer to body
98
Temperature low then dartose muscle undergoes _____ to ______
Contraction
| Reduce surface area of scrotum
99
Outer layer of epididymis and vas deferens
Circular muscles
100
Inner layer of epididymis and vas deferens
Columnar ciliated epithelium
101
epididymis and vas deferens have ____ to move sperm
Stereocilia
102
Contraction of circular muscle in vas deferens to
Move semen from epididymis to penile urethra
103
Male Accesory reproductive glands secrete
Seminal plasma
104
60-70% of seminal plasma secreted by
Seminal vesicles
105
Seminal plasma is rich in
Fructose, ca++ ions, enzymes
106
Cowper's gland secretion helps in
Lubrication of penis
107
Unpaired reproductive male gland
Prostate
108
Seminal vesicles aka
Uterus musculinis
109
Seminal vesicles located at
Dorso lateral side of urinary bladder
110
Seminal vesicles formed from
Wolfian duct
111
Seminal vesicles internally lined by
Glandular epithelium
112
Seminal fluid
Lubricating, transparent, jelly like
113
Ph of seminal fluid
7.3
114
Components of seminal fluid(6)
```
Fructose
Fibrinogens
Prostaglandins
Citric acid
Ionsitol
Proteins
```
115
Seminal vesicles are
Paired glands
116
Spermatic cord contains
Vas deferens
Nerves
Veins and arteries
117
Unpaired male gland
Prostrate
118
Prostrate gland is located
Below the urinary bladder
119
Prostate gland has ____ lober
5
120
Lobes of prostrate gland open up into
Prostratic urethra through many fine apertures
121
Prostratic secretion is
```
Slightly alkaline
*Milky*
*Thick*
*Sticky*
Jelly like
```
122
Prostatic fluid makes up
30% of semen
123
Use of prostratic fluid
Sperm activation and nourishment
124
Marker enzyme for prostrate gland secretion
Acid phosphatase
125
Components of prostratic fluid (6)
```
Citric acid
Calcium
Phosphate
Clotting enzymes
Profibrolysins
Acid phosphatase
```
126
Why are clotting enzymes present in prostrate fluid
To conserve wnergy of sperms
127
Which enzyme counteracts action of clotting enzymes in prostratic fluid
Profibrinogens in seminal fluid
128
Cowper's gland aka
Bulbourethral gland
129
Cowper's gland is located
Below prostrate gland
| On either side of membranous urethra
130
Cowper's gland paired or unpaired
Paired
131
Secretions of cowper's gland poured into
Penile urethra
132
Cowper's gland secretion is
Transparent
Slimy
Jelly like
133
Male urethra ph
6
134
Cowper's gland function
Cleans penile urethra for sperm movement
Neutralizes penile urethra acidic envt
Lubrication of penis
135
1ml semen has
20-120 million sperm
136
1 ejaculation has
200-300 million sperm
137
Out of 200-300 million sperm in 1 ejaculation
Atleast 60% normal shape and size
| Atleast 40% high mobility
138
Absence of sperm in semen
Azospermia
139
Reduced motility of sperm in semen
Asthenospermia
140
Abnormal morphology of sperm
Teratospermia
141
1 lobule of testes has
3 semineferous tubules
