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Zoology > Human Reproduction > Flashcards

Human Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Humans reproduce

A

Sexually

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2
Q

Humans are

A

Dioecius

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3
Q

Internal fertilization takes place in

A

Ampullary region

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4
Q

Humans are

A

Viviparous

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5
Q

1st stage of sexual reproduction

A

Gametogenesis

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6
Q

2nd stage of reproduction

A

Insemination

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7
Q

Insemination takes place in

A

Vagina

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8
Q

Semination

A

Transfer of semen from testes to vasa efferentia

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9
Q

3rd stage of sexual reproduction

A

Syngamy

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10
Q

Zygote formation is a

A

Fertilization event

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11
Q

4th stage of sexual reproduction

A

Repeated mitotic division of zygote

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12
Q

Zygote forms

A

Morula

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13
Q

Morula forms

A

Blastocyst/blastula

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14
Q

Blastocyst forms

A

Gastrula

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15
Q

Morula is

A

16 cell stage

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16
Q

Gastrula forms

A

Neurula

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17
Q

Implantation happens in which stage

A

Blastocyst

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18
Q

5th stage of human reproduction

A

Gestation period

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19
Q

6th stage of human reproduction

A

Parturition/delivery

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20
Q

7th stage of human reproduction

A

Lactation

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21
Q

Sperm is formed at what age

A

12-15 yrs

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22
Q

Eggs are formed at what age

A

Larval stage

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23
Q

Eggs mature at what age

A

Puberty

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24
Q

Menopause occurs at what age

A

50yrs

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25
Q

Male reproductive system is located in

A

Pelvic region

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26
Q

Primary/essential male sex organs

A

Testes(2)- gonad

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27
Q

Testes is extra abdominal to (function)

A

Keep it 2-2.5° lower than body temp

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28
Q

Male Accessory ducts-6

A 
Retetestis
Vasa efferentia
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra
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29
Q

Male Accessory glands - 3

A

Seminal vesicles - 2
Prostrate gland -1
Cowper’s gland/bulbourethral gland - 2

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30
Q

External male genetalia

A

Penis

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31
Q

Testes descended into scrotum during

A

7th-8th month of pregnancy

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32
Q

Failure of descendence of testes into scrotum

A

Cryptorchidism

Cured by orchioplexy

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33
Q

Spermatic cord

A

Holds testes in scrotum

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34
Q

Inguinal canal

A

Connects scrotum to abdominal region

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35
Q

Diameter of testis

A

4-5 cm

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36
Q

Width of testes

A

2-3 cm

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37
Q

How many testecular lobules in each testes

A

250

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38
Q

Structure and functional unit of testes

A

Semineferous tubules

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39
Q

Terminal part of SNFT

A

Tubuli recti

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40
Q

Network like structure formed by tubuli recti

A

Retetestis

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41
Q

Vasa efferentia carry sperm from

A

Retetestis to epididymis

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42
Q

Head of epididymis

A

Caput

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43
Q

Body of epididymis

A

Corpus

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44
Q

Tail of epididymis

A

Cauda

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45
Q

Functional maturation of sperms takes place in

A

Vas deferens

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46
Q

Vas deferens loops over

A

Urinary bladder

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47
Q

Vas deferens recieves duct from

A

Seminal vesicle at ampulla

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48
Q

Ejaculatory duct joins

A

Urethra obliquely

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49
Q

1st part of urethra

A

Prostratic urethra

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50
Q

2nd part of urethra

A

Membranous urethra

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51
Q

Membranous urethra located near

A

Cowper’s gland

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52
Q

3rd part of urethra

A

Penile urethra

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53
Q

Opening of urethra

A

Urethral meatus

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54
Q

Foreskin aka

A

Prepuce

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55
Q

Scrotum is located

A

Extra abdominal

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56
Q

Scrotum keeps temp

A

2-2.5°C lower

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57
Q

Scrotum 2 compartments demarkated by

A

Raphe

58
Q

Scrotal septum

A

Elastic fibres and connective tissue separate scrotal compartments

59
Q

Dartose muscle

A

Smooth muscle in scrotum present below skin

60
Q

Cremaster muscle

A

Skeletal muscle present below dartose muscle in scrotum

61
Q

Cremaster muscle extends up to

A

Inguinal canal

62
Q

Cremaster muscle helps in

A

Thermoregulation

63
Q

______ holds testes in scrotum

A

Spermatic cord

64
Q

Spermatic cord consists of

A

Arteries veins nerves lymphatics

65
Q

Posterior part of testes attached to scrotum by

A

Gubernaculum

66
Q

Gubernaculum aka

A

Mesorchium

67
Q

Outermost covering of testes

A

Tunica vaginalis

68
Q

Tunica vaginalis covers testes except

A

Posterior part where testicular vessels enter

69
Q

Outer layer of Tunica vaginalis

A

Parietal layer

70
Q

Middle layer of Tunica vaginalis

A

Vaginalis cavity

71
Q

Inner layer of Tunica vaginalis

A

Visceral layer

72
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

Inward folding causes 250 lobules to form

73
Q

Middle layer of testes

A

Tunica albuginea

74
Q

Innermost layer of testes covering

A

Tunica vasculosa

75
Q

Tunica vasculosa

A

Blood capillaries

76
Q

Septum like structure made by tunica albuginea at posterior part

A

Mediastinum testes

77
Q

_____ present in mediastinum testes

A

Retetestis

78
Q

Caput epididymis aka

A

Globus major

79
Q

Cauda epididymis aka

A

Globus minor

80
Q

Average length of epididymis(coiled)

A

4cm

81
Q

Average length of epididymis (uncoiled)

A

6m

82
Q

Vas deferens and epididymis developed from

A

Wolfian duct of mesonephros stage

83
Q

Fallopian tube develops from

A

Mullerian duct

84
Q

2 cylinders of muscular erectile tissue

A

Corpora cavernosa

85
Q

Corpora cavernosa located

A

Dorsally, longitudinally below skin in penis

86
Q

Corpus spongiosum

A

Cylinder of muscular erectile tissue located ventrally and longitudinally in penis

87
Q

Glans penis has only

A

Corpora spongiosum

88
Q

Urethral meatus present in

A

Corpora spongiosum

89
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

Dense, white, fibrious, connective tissue that covers both erectile tissue

90
Q

Tunica albuginea provide

A

Blood and nerve supply

91
Q

Erection and ejaculation under ___ nervous system

A

Autonomous

92
Q

Erection occurs due to

A

parasympathetic nervous system

93
Q

Erection causes _____ in blood vessels and muscles

A

Dilation

94
Q

Erection

A

Gushing of blood to penis

95
Q

Parasympathetic nerve fibres arise from

A

Sacrum

96
Q

Ejaculation occurs due to

A

Sympathetic nervous system

97
Q

Temperature low then cremaster muscle undergoes _____ to ______

A

Contraction

Bring testes closer to body

98
Q

Temperature low then dartose muscle undergoes _____ to ______

A

Contraction

Reduce surface area of scrotum

99
Q

Outer layer of epididymis and vas deferens

A

Circular muscles

100
Q

Inner layer of epididymis and vas deferens

A

Columnar ciliated epithelium

101
Q

epididymis and vas deferens have ____ to move sperm

A

Stereocilia

102
Q

Contraction of circular muscle in vas deferens to

A

Move semen from epididymis to penile urethra

103
Q

Male Accesory reproductive glands secrete

A

Seminal plasma

104
Q

60-70% of seminal plasma secreted by

A

Seminal vesicles

105
Q

Seminal plasma is rich in

A

Fructose, ca++ ions, enzymes

106
Q

Cowper’s gland secretion helps in

A

Lubrication of penis

107
Q

Unpaired reproductive male gland

A

Prostate

108
Q

Seminal vesicles aka

A

Uterus musculinis

109
Q

Seminal vesicles located at

A

Dorso lateral side of urinary bladder

110
Q

Seminal vesicles formed from

A

Wolfian duct

111
Q

Seminal vesicles internally lined by

A

Glandular epithelium

112
Q

Seminal fluid

A

Lubricating, transparent, jelly like

113
Q

Ph of seminal fluid

A

7.3

114
Q

Components of seminal fluid(6)

A 
Fructose
Fibrinogens
Prostaglandins
Citric acid
Ionsitol
Proteins
115
Q

Seminal vesicles are

A

Paired glands

116
Q

Spermatic cord contains

A

Vas deferens
Nerves
Veins and arteries

117
Q

Unpaired male gland

A

Prostrate

118
Q

Prostrate gland is located

A

Below the urinary bladder

119
Q

Prostate gland has ____ lober

A

5

120
Q

Lobes of prostrate gland open up into

A

Prostratic urethra through many fine apertures

121
Q

Prostratic secretion is

A 
Slightly alkaline
*Milky*
*Thick*
*Sticky*
Jelly like
122
Q

Prostatic fluid makes up

A

30% of semen

123
Q

Use of prostratic fluid

A

Sperm activation and nourishment

124
Q

Marker enzyme for prostrate gland secretion

A

Acid phosphatase

125
Q

Components of prostratic fluid (6)

A 
Citric acid
Calcium
Phosphate
Clotting enzymes
Profibrolysins
Acid phosphatase
126
Q

Why are clotting enzymes present in prostrate fluid

A

To conserve wnergy of sperms

127
Q

Which enzyme counteracts action of clotting enzymes in prostratic fluid

A

Profibrinogens in seminal fluid

128
Q

Cowper’s gland aka

A

Bulbourethral gland

129
Q

Cowper’s gland is located

A

Below prostrate gland

On either side of membranous urethra

130
Q

Cowper’s gland paired or unpaired

A

Paired

131
Q

Secretions of cowper’s gland poured into

A

Penile urethra

132
Q

Cowper’s gland secretion is

A

Transparent
Slimy
Jelly like

133
Q

Male urethra ph

A

6

134
Q

Cowper’s gland function

A

Cleans penile urethra for sperm movement
Neutralizes penile urethra acidic envt
Lubrication of penis

135
Q

1ml semen has

A

20-120 million sperm

136
Q

1 ejaculation has

A

200-300 million sperm

137
Q

Out of 200-300 million sperm in 1 ejaculation

A

Atleast 60% normal shape and size

Atleast 40% high mobility

138
Q

Absence of sperm in semen

A

Azospermia

139
Q

Reduced motility of sperm in semen

A

Asthenospermia

140
Q

Abnormal morphology of sperm

A

Teratospermia

141
Q

1 lobule of testes has

A

3 semineferous tubules

Zoology (1 decks)

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