Human Physiology Flashcards

Question

specificity

Answer 1

characteristic of carrier mediated transport | -Carrier proteins combine specifically and reversibly

Answer 2

characteristic of carrier mediated transport in which rate depends on transport proteins, not substrate ex) insulin brings glucose into cell

Answer 3

movement of charged or uncharged particles along a concentration gradient from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration -passive process -no energy requires

Answer 4

``` diffusion of water across the cell membrane -regulated by concentration of non- diffusible particles on either side of semipermeable membrane -net movement of water across a concentration gradient (from low concentration to high concentration) ```

Answer 5

NS is not concentrated since it is 1/2 Na- | -water flows into cell

Answer 6

water will flow out of cells

Answer 7

Na+ and Cl- = about the same concentration in body

Answer 8

``` water channels that allows water to move -Movement continues until concentration of substances is equally diluted or until opposed by osmotic pressure ```

Answer 9

antidiuretic hormone stored in posterior pituitary gland - secreted by hypothalamus - goes to kidney -> distal tubular duct - prompt aquaporins to open - absorption of water -> reabsorption

Answer 10

syndrome of inappropriate ADH - too much of ADH -> drop in Na- * Sodium Is Always Down Here*

Answer 11

pumps out Na+ (3) pumps K+ in (2) ! Maintains Na-K concentration across membrane membrane ! Maintains normal cell volume > electrogenic ( negative charge inside cell membrane) > responsible for transmission of nerve and muscle signals along cell membrane -reestablishes proper concentration of electrolytes

Answer 12

``` Vesicular/Bulk Transport that requires ATP >cells surround and take in material ! Receptor-mediated - pinocytosis - phagocytosis ```

Answer 13

Vesicular/Bulk Transport that requires ATP | -Granules or droplets are released from the cell

Answer 14

type of endocytosis involved in nutrient absorption ! Endosomes “drink” extracellular fluid (Cell drinking) ! In-folding cell membrane surrounds droplet of ECF with dissolved molecules ! Important in nutrient absorption (cells in intestine)

Answer 15

``` type of endocytosis -Engulf large or solid objects in phagosomes (Cell eating) -Fuses with lysosome and contents digested Ex: macrophages, some WBC’s ```

Answer 16

``` Moves substances from interior of cell into extracellular space ! Substance to be released is enclosed in a vesicle ! Vesicle fuses to membrane and ruptures, spilling contents out of cell ex) Hormone secretion, NT release, mucus of secretion, ejection of wastes ```

Answer 17

``` Process by which fluid is forced through membrane from area of higher hydrostatic pressure to area of lower hydrostatic pressure -does not require energy ex) Filtration of plasma across renal - dependent on BP ```

Answer 18

-Consists of fluid contained within all of the trillions of cells in the body -Larger of the two compartments ! approximately two-thirds of the body water in healthy adults ! High concentration of K+ 40% of body weight

Answer 19

remaining 1/3 of body of water -fluids outside the cells, including that in the interstitial (¾) or tissue spaces and blood vessels (¼) -high concentration of Na-

Answer 20

1% or less of the fluid in body ex) CSF in brain - vitreous humor in eye - synovial fluid lubricates joints - pericardial fluid in heart - pleural fluid in lungs

Answer 21

- large amounts of Na- and Cl- - moderate amounts of bicarbonate ex) pH in body - ABG - small quntities of K+, Mg, Ca+, Phos

Answer 22

-Almost no calcium -Small amounts of sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, and phosphorus - Moderate amounts of magnesium -Large amounts of potassium

Answer 23

``` -Respond to changes in membrane potential -Have activation gates (opens) and inactivation gates (closes) -Characteristic of excitable membrane -Found in neural axons, skeletal muscle sarcolemma, cardiac muscle ```