Human Pathology Cell Adaptation ( Pass)

Question 1

Atrophy

Answer 1

Shrinkage in the size of the cell by the loss of cell substance is known as atrophy

Question 2

hormonal hyperplasia,

Answer 2

the proliferation of the glandular epithelium of the female breast at puberty and during pregnancy,

Question 3

compensatory hyperplasia

Answer 3

in which residual tissue grows after removal or loss of part of an organ. For example, when part of a liver is resected, mitotic activity in the remaining cells begins as early as 12 hours later, eventually restoring the liver to its normal weight.

Question 4

Physiologic adaptations

Answer 4

represent responses of cells to normal stimulation by hormones or endogenous chemical mediators (e.g., the hormone-induced enlargement of the breast and uterus during pregnancy).

Question 5

Etiology

Answer 5

the origin of a disease, including the underlying causes and modifying factors.

Question 6

Pathogenesis

Answer 6

the steps in the development of disease. It describes how etiologic factors trigger cellular and molecular changes that give rise to the specific functional and structural abnormalities that characterize the disease.

Question 7

homeostasis

Answer 7

in which the intracellular milieu is kept within a fairly narrow range of physiologic parameters

Question 8

The principal adaptive responses

Answer 8

hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, and metaplasia. If the adaptive capability is exceeded or if the external stress is inherently harmful, cell injury develops (

Question 9

Reversible Injury

Answer 9

Cells return to a stable baseline

Question 10

Irreversible Injury to Cells

Answer 10

Stress is constant and cell reaches a threshold of no return.

Question 11

What are the causes of cell death?

Answer 11

It results from diverse causes:
including ischemia (lack of blood flow), 

infections,
toxins
immune reactions
Cell death also is a normal and essential process in embryogenesis,
the development of organs, and the maintenance of homeostasis.