Human Pathogenic Protists Overview of Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

Giardia Intestinalis (Giardia Lamblia)

A
  • Supergroup : Excavates
  • Subgroup : Diplomonads
  • Diplomonads characteristics : flagellated protozoa with modified mitochondria (mitosomes)
  • Pathogenic parasite : causes gastroenteritis (food poisoning)
  • Transmission : food-borne disease
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2
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A
  • Supergroup : Excavates
  • Subgroup : Parabasalids
  • Parabasalids characteristics : flagellated protozoa with modified mitochondria (hydrogenosomes)
  • Pathogenic parasite : causes vaginitis in women & urethritis in men
  • Transmission : sexually transmitted (STD)
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3
Q

Trypanosoma Bruce

A
  • Supergroup : Excavates
  • Subgroup : Euglenozoans Kinetoplastids
  • African trypanosomiasis : causes sleeping sickness in humans
  • CNS infection –> lethargy, coma, death
  • Transmission : tsetse fly
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4
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi

A
  • Supergroup : Excavates
  • Subgroup : Euglenozoans Kinetoplastids
  • American trypanosomiasis : Chaga’s disease
  • Symptoms : chronic myocardiopathy
  • Transmission : triatomine bugs
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5
Q

Plasmodium malariae

A
  • Supergroup : Alveolates
  • Subgroup : Apicomplexans
  • causes malaria
  • Transmission : mosquitoes
  • Reproduction in the RBC –> haemoglobin digestion –> natural selection favoured selective survival of the thalassaemia allele carriers (heterozygotes) in areas with high prevalence of malaria
  • 900,000 deaths/year
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6
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A
  • Supergroup : Alveolates
  • Subgroup : Apicomplexans
  • causes toxoplasmosis
  • Transmission :
    1. Oral-faeval route
      • by consuming contaminated raw/undercooked meat
      • by ingestion of faecally contaminated food
    2. Trans-placenta transmission
      • from mother to foetus
      • can cause abortion, hydrocephalus, mental retardation of foetus
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7
Q

Phytophthora infestans

A
  • Supergroup : Stramenopiles
  • Subgroup : Oomycetes
  • causes potato blight
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8
Q

Phytophthora ramorum

A
  • Supergroup : Stramenopiles
  • Subgroup : Oomycetes
  • causes oak death
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