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BIO 067/30 > Human Organization And Chemistry Of Life > Flashcards

Human Organization And Chemistry Of Life Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does BIO and OLOGY stand for?

A

BIO = LIFE
OLOGY= THE STUDY OF

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2
Q

What is Biology?

A

The study of all living things (organisims) and their environments.

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3
Q

What are the 7 basic characteristics of living things…?

A
  1. Organized.
  2. They reproduce.
  3. Homostatic
  4. They grow and develope.
  5. They take materials and energy from their environments.
  6. They can adapt to changing environments.
  7. They respond to internal and external stimuli
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4
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest unit of an element.

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5
Q

What is a molecule?

A

When 2 or more atoms are chemically bonded together.

(Can be the same or different elements)

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6
Q

What is a cell?

A

The structural and functional unit of all living things.

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7
Q

What are cells composed of?

A

Macromolecules.

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8
Q

What is tissue?

A

Groups of cell with a specialized structure and function.

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9
Q

What is an organ?

A

Groups of tissues working together for a specific function.

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10
Q

What is an organ system?

A

Groups of organs working together.

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11
Q

What is an organism?

A

An individual.
The human.

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12
Q

How many known elements are on the periodic table?

A

111 elements.

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13
Q

What is the definition of an element?

A

Cannot be broken down by chemical means and still retain the same chemical and physical charaistics.

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14
Q

What are the main 4 compositions that makes up a biological organisms?

A
  1. Carbon.
  2. Hydrogen.
  3. Oxygen.
  4. Nitrogen.
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15
Q

What is the smallest unit of an element that still retains its chemical and physical characteristics, called?

A

An atom.

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16
Q

What are atoms made up of?

A

Subatomic particles.

17
Q

What do subatomic particles determine?

A

They determine the atomic mass and how it will bond with another atom.

(This is how they hold onto one another)

18
Q

What are the two classifications of matter? What do they mean?

A
  1. Pure substance. (A substance that is a single atom or CHEMICALLY bonded together)
  2. Mixture. (Pure substances that a PHYSICALLY mixed together)
19
Q

What two type of mixtures of matter are there?

A

Homogenous and Heterogenous mixtures.

20
Q

What is matter defined as?

A

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

21
Q

What are two qualities of matter?

A
  1. It is invisible
  2. Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.
22
Q

How are inonic compounds held together?

A

They are held together by attractive forces between positive and negative charges.

So, “the attraction of a positive ion to a negative ion”.

23
Q

How are covalent compounds formed?

A

They are formed when elements SHARE electrons in outer orbit.

Think covalent - cooperate.

24
Q

Describe what “physically mixed” represents.

A

It means that the substances they are made of in the mixture can be easily separated from each other again.

25
Q

What is a homogenous mixture in apperance?

A

Appears uniform when mixed together.

(Think coffee and milk it produces a result of looking uniform.)

26
Q

What is a heterogenous mixture in appearance?

A

It is the non uniform appearance.

(Think aggregate cement, there are visible components.)

27
Q

What are the six properties of water?

A
  1. It becomes liquid at room tempeture.
  2. Tempeture of water rises and falls slowly.
  3. Water has a high heat of vaporization.
  4. Frozen water is less dense therefore ice floats.
  5. Water molecules are cohesive therfore they can fill blood vessels.
  6. Like dissolves like. Helps chemical reactions in the body.
28
Q

Explain acidic solutions.

A

They have a high hydrogen ion concentration (H+) and a low PH number.

29
Q

Explain a basic solution.

A

Release of OH- in solution and a high PH number.

30
Q

What is a LOW PH value?

A

Anything below 7 on the PH scale.

31
Q

What is a HIGH PH value?

A

Anything above 7 on the PH scale.

32
Q

What is natural on the PH scale?

A

Value of 7.

33
Q

What does “PH scale” mean?

A

Potential hydrogen ion concentration.

34
Q

What does Alkaline mean?

A

It’s basic with a high PH and OH- in solution.

35
Q

What is a buffer?

A

A buffer is a substance that keeps pH within normal limits.

36
Q

What is the Dehydration synthesis reaction?

A

It is a chemical reaction where subunits (monomers) are joined together.

37
Q

What is hydrolysis reaction.

A

It is a chemical reaction where subunits (monomers) are pulled apart by water.

38
Q

What does ATP stand for.

A

Adenosine Tri Phosphate.

BIO 067/30 (1 decks)

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