Human Organisation + Homeostasis

Question 1

Abdominal Cavity

Answer 1

Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder, small intestine and most of the large intestine.

The serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is the peritoneum.

Question 2

Afferent Pathway

Answer 2

AF - towards
ferrent - carried

Pathway that monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends input towards a control centre.

A receptor, the first of three components in a feedback system.

Question 3

Anatomical Position

Answer 3

A standardised reference posture in which the
- body is upright
- facing forward
- feet parallel to each other
- arms hanging at the sides

Provides a consistent frame of reference for describing locations and relationships of body parts.

Question 4

Anatomy

Answer 4

Science of body structures and the relationship between these structures.

What is where in the body.

Question 5

Anterior

Answer 5

Nearer to or at the front of the body
e.g. the sternum is anterior to the heart

Question 6

Atom

Answer 6

The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties and characteristics of it’s element.

Basic unit of a chemical element, consists of a nucleus (protons and neurons), with electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

Question 7

Cell

Answer 7

Smallest functional unit, comes in all shapes and sizes.

Basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Smallest structure capable or performing all activities.

Question 8

Control Centre

Answer 8

The second of three basic components in the feedback system.

Measures degree of change. Evaluates input it receives from receptors. Generates output commands when needed.

Question 9

Cranial Cavity

Answer 9

Hollow space in the head which contains the brain.

Continuous with vertebral canal (spinal).

Question 10

Deep

Answer 10

(internal) away from the surface of the body (inwards).

Question 11

Distal

Answer 11

Farther from the attachment of a limb in the trunk; farther from the origination of the structure.

e.g. the phalanges (finger bones) are distal to the carpals (wrist bones)

Question 12

Dorsal

Answer 12

Often used interchangeably with “posterior” in anatomy.

Nearer to, or at the back of the body.

e.g. the spinal cord is situated within the dorsal cavity of the human body.

Question 13

Effector

Answer 13

Responds to change. Brings about a change or response that alters a controlled condition.

Receives output from control centre and produces a response or effect that changes the controlled condition.

Nearly every organ/tissue can behave as effector.

Question 14

Efferent Pathway

Answer 14

Output from the control centre.

Pathway that flows away from the control centre.

Typically occurs as nerve impulses, hormones, chemical signals e.g. shivering to warm body temp.

Question 15

Frontal/Coronal Plane

Answer 15

Divides the human body into front and back halves or sections.

A plane at a right angle to a midsagittal plane that divides the body the body organs into anterior and posterior portions.

Question 16

Homeostasis

Answer 16

The process of maintaining a constant internal environment for optimum functioning.

A dynamic condition. Homeostasis is achieved by feedback systems in the body.

Question 17

Inferior

Answer 17

Away from the head, or the lower part of the structure.

Eg. the stomach is inferior to the lungs.

Question 18

Lateral

Answer 18

Farther from the midline.

E.g the lungs are lateral to the heart.

Question 19

Medial

Answer 19

Nearer to the midline.

E.g. the ulna is medial to the radius.