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Human Bioscience: Organisation and Homeostasis Glossary > Human Organisation and Homeostasis > Flashcards

Human Organisation and Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

A space in the human body that encloses the spleen, liver, stomach, gallbladder, small intestine and most of the large intestine.

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2
Q

Afferent Pathway

A

Input from a receptor that is sent to a control center.

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3
Q

Anatomical Position

A

The standard position of reference for defining regions or parts of a human body.

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4
Q

Anatomy

A

The science of body structures and the relationships between them.

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5
Q

Anterior

A

Nearer to or at the front of the body.

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6
Q

Atom

A

The smallest units of matter in the human body.

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7
Q

Cell

A

The basic functional units of an organism that are composed of chemicals.

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8
Q

Control Center

A

A body structure that sets the range of values which a controlled condition should be maintained within.

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9
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

A space in the body that is formed by cranial bones and contains the brain.

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10
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface of the body. Example; the ribs are deep to the skin of the chest and back.

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11
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk. Example; the finger bones (phalanges) are distal to the wrist bones.

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12
Q

Dorsal

A

Nearer to or at the back of the body (also known as posterior)

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13
Q

Effector

A

A body structure that receives output from a control center and produces a response that changes the controlled condition.

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14
Q

Efferent Pathway

A

Output from a control center that is sent to an effector.

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15
Q

Frontal/coronal plane

A

A vertical plane that divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior sections.

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16
Q

Homeostasis

A

The condition of balance in the body’s internal environment.

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17
Q

Inferior

A

Away from the head OR lower part of a structure. Example; the stomach is inferior to the lungs.

18
Q

Lateral

A

Farther away from the midline. Example; the lungs are lateral to the heart.

19
Q

Medial

A

Nearer to the midline. Example: the heart is medial to the lungs.

20
Q

Midsagittal Plane

A

A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left EQUAL right and left sides.

21
Q

Mediastinum

A

The central portion of the thoracic cavity between the lungs; contains the heart, thymus, oesophagus, trachea and several large blood vessels.

22
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms that join together. Example: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and glucose.

23
Q

Negative Feedback

A

A cycle of events in which a change in a controlled condition is reversed.

24
Q

Organ

A

Body structures that are composed of two different types of tissues, have recognizable shapes and have specific functions.

25
Q

Organ System

A

Related organs with a common function. Example: the digestive system.

26
Q

Organism

A

A living being. All levels from chemical to systemic combined.

27
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

Part of the abdominopelvic cavity. Contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine and the internal reproductive organs.

28
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

A fluid filled space around the heart. Part of the thoracic cavity.

29
Q

Physiology

A

Science of body functions: how the body parts work.

30
Q

Pleural Cavities

A

Two fluid filled spaces around the lungs. Part of the thoracic cavity.

31
Q

Posterior

A

Nearer to or at the back of the body. Example: the spine is posterior to the breastbone.

32
Q

Positive Feedback

A

A cycle of events in which a change in a controlled condition is enhanced or strengthened.

33
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk. Example: the humerus is proximal to the radius.

34
Q

Receptor

A

A body structure that monitors change in a controlled environment and sends input to a control center.

35
Q

Superficial

A

Towards or on the surface of the body. Example: the ribs are superficial to the lungs.

36
Q

Superior

A

Towards the head or upper part of the structure. Example: the head is superior to the lungs.

37
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

A space in the upper/middle part of the chest formed by the ribs, sternum, muscles of the chest, breastbone and the thoracic section of the backbone.

38
Q

Tissue

A

Groups of cells. There are three types of tissue: Epithelial, Muscular and Nervous.

39
Q

Transverse Plane

A

A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions.

40
Q

Ventral

A

Nearer to or at the front of the body. Also known as anterior.

41
Q

Vertebral Canal

A

A space that is continuous with the cranial cavity. Formed by the vertebral column and contains the spinal cord and the beginnings of spinal nerves.

Human Bioscience: Organisation and Homeostasis Glossary (1 decks)

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