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Normal Body Function > HUMAN ORGANISATION > Flashcards

HUMAN ORGANISATION Flashcards

1
Q

SUPERIOR

A

Towards the head end or upper part of a structure of the body.

ie: the head is superior to the abdomen

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2
Q

INFERIOR (caudal)

A

Away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure of the body; below.

ie: the navel is inferior to the chin.

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3
Q

VENTRAL (anterior)

A

Toward or at the front of the body. In front of.

ie the breastbone is anterior to the spine.

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4
Q

DORSAL (posterior)

A

Toward the back of the body; behind.

ie: the heart is posterior to the backbone

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5
Q

PROXIMAL

A

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of limb to the body trunk.

ie the elbow is proximal to the wrist.

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6
Q

DISTAL

A

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of the limb to the body trunk

ie: the knee is distal to the thigh.

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7
Q

SUPERFICIAL (external)

A

Toward or at the body surface.

ie: the skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles.

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8
Q

DEEP (internal)

A

Away from the body surface; more internal.

ie: the lungs are deep to the skin

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9
Q

MEDIAL

A

Towards the midline of the body; on the inner side.

ie: the heart is medial to the arm.

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10
Q

LATERAL

A

Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side.

ie: the arms are lateral to the chest.

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11
Q

INTERMEDIATE

A

In between a more medial and a more lateral structure.

ie: the collarbone is intermediate between the breastbone and the shoulder

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12
Q

ATOM

A

The smallest unit of ordinary matter.

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13
Q

MOLECULE

A

2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

Molecules combine to form cells.

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14
Q

TISSUE

A

Tissues are groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function, similar to the way words are put together to form sentences. There are just four basic types of tissues in your body: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, and nervous tissue.

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15
Q

ABDOMINAL CAVITY

A

Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder, small intestine and most of the large intestine; the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is the peritoneum.

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16
Q

PLEURAL CAVITY

A

A potential space between the layers of pleura that surrounds the lung.

17
Q

PELVIC CAVITY

A

Contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestines, and internal organs of reproduction.

18
Q

PERICARDIAL CAVITY

A

A potential space between the layers of the pericardium that surrounds the heart.

19
Q

THORACIC CAVITY

A

Chest cavity; contains pleural and pericardial cavities and the mediastinum.

20
Q

VERTEBRAL CANAL

A

Formed by the vertebral column and contains the spinal cord and beginnings of spinal nerves.

21
Q

MEDIASTINUM

A

Central portion of the thoracic cavity between the lungs; extends from sternum to vertebral column and first rib to diaphragm; contains heart, thymus, oesophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels.

22
Q

TISSUE

A

Groups of similar cells that act together to form a specific function.

23
Q

TRANSVERSE PLANE

A

divides the body or an organ into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions. Other names for a transverse plane are a cross-sectional or horizontal plane. Sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes are all at right angles to one another.

24
Q

FRONTAL/CORONAL PLANE

A

Divides the body or an organ into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

25
Q

AFFERENT PATHWAY

A

Coming into the control centre

26
Q

EFFERENT PATHWAY

A

Coming from the control centre to the effector

27
Q

RECEPTOR

A

Detects change

28
Q

Effector

A

Responds to change.

29
Q

MIDSAGITTAL/ MEDIAN PLANE

A

Passes through the midline of the body or an organ and divides it into equal right and left sides.

30
Q

FRONTAL PLANE

A

(or coronal plane) divides the body or an organ into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions.

31
Q

PARASAGITTAL PLANE

A

If the sagittal plane does not pass through the midline but instead divides the body or an organ into unequal right and left sides.

Normal Body Function (13 decks)

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